Changes

*''Japanese'': 国性爺合戦 ''(Kokusen'ya gassen)''

*''Japanese'': 国性爺合戦 ''(Kokusen'ya gassen)''

"The Battles of Coxinga" is a ''[[ningyo joruri|ningyô jôruri]]'' (''bunraku'') and [[kabuki]] play written by [[Chikamatsu Monzaemon]]. Loosely based on the historical figure of the [[Ming loyalist]] [[Zheng Chenggong]] (aka Coxinga), it was the first puppet play to be adapted to the kabuki stage.

"The Battles of Coxinga" is a ''[[ningyo joruri|ningyô jôruri]]'' (''bunraku'') and [[kabuki]] play written by [[Chikamatsu Monzaemon]]. Loosely based on the historical figure of the [[Ming loyalist]] [[Z/heng Chenggong]] (aka Coxinga), it was the first puppet play to be adapted to the kabuki stage. Exceptionally popular, it continued to be staged for seventeen months straight after its debut.<ref>Ronald Toby ロナルド・トビ, "Sakoku" toiu gaikô 「鎖国」という外交, Tokyo: Shogakukan (2008), 218.</ref>

The play centers on the half-Chinese, half-Japanese Coxinga, called Watônai (lit. "between Japan and China") in the play, who fights to defend the noble and great [[Ming Dynasty|Ming Chinese]] from barbarian ([[Manchu]]) invasion. [[Marius Jansen]], in describing [[Edo period]] Japanese popular views of China, writes that the play shows the Chinese as good people, but cowardly and inferior at fighting; Watônai fights with Japanese prowess, a sword imbued with the power of the Japanese gods, and a special charm from [[Ise Shrine]] which brings the power of [[Amaterasu]] herself against his foes. Disparaging the Manchus (and possibly the Chinese as well) for looking down upon Japan as a small country, he cries "have you learned now the meaning of Japanese prowess, before which even tigers tremble?"<ref>Jansen, 85.</ref>

The play centers on the half-Chinese, half-Japanese Coxinga, called Watônai (lit. "between Japan and China") in the play, who fights to defend the noble and great [[Ming Dynasty|Ming Chinese]] from barbarian ([[Manchu]]) invasion. [[Marius Jansen]], in describing [[Edo period]] Japanese popular views of China, writes that the play shows the Chinese as good people, but cowardly and inferior at fighting; Watônai fights with Japanese prowess, a sword imbued with the power of the Japanese gods, and a special charm from [[Ise Shrine]] which brings the power of [[Amaterasu]] herself against his foes. Disparaging the Manchus (and possibly the Chinese as well) for looking down upon Japan as a small country, he cries "have you learned now the meaning of Japanese prowess, before which even tigers tremble?"<ref>Jansen, 85.</ref>