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*''Japanese/Okinawan'': 城間 清豊 ''(Gusukuma Seihou)''
*''Japanese/Okinawan'': 城間 清豊 ''(Gusukuma Seihou)''
Gusukuma Seihô was an official court painter at the royal court of the [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Kingdom of Ryûkyû]], and is one of the most celebrated painters in Ryukyuan history.
Gusukuma Seihô was an official court painter at the royal court of the [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Kingdom of Ryûkyû]], and is one of the most celebrated painters in Ryukyuan history. He is perhaps the earliest Ryukyuan painter who is both known by name, and by surviving artwork.<ref>Satoshi Tsuhako, "Arts and Crafts of Okinawa," ''Bingata! Only in Okinawa'', Okinawa Prefectural Government (2016), 24.</ref>
Gusukuma was born to an aristocratic family in [[Shuri]]. His father Gusukuma Seishin<!--城間清信--> was a musician, who had led the musical performers on the [[1627]] [[Ryukyuan embassy to Edo]]<ref name=higa>Higa Chôken 比嘉朝健。”Kanô Yasunobu to Ryûkyû no gajin Jiryô" 狩野安信と琉球の画人自了。 ''Tôei (Jun-Nihonga Zasshi)'' 搭影(純日本画雑誌)、 Vol. 9-8 (Oct 1933). pp41-45.</ref>; but Seihô was a deaf mute<ref name=arts>"[http://www.wonder-okinawa.jp/013/E/art/dynasty/art10.html Hakutaku no zu]." Arts of Okinawa. Okinawa Prefectural Government. 2003. Accessed 6 October 2009.</ref> and he focused his energies in a different direction, teaching himself to paint<ref name=jinmei>"Ji Ryô." ''Okinawa rekishi jinmei jiten'' (沖縄歴史人名事典, "Encyclopedia of People of Okinawan History"). Naha: Okinawa Bunka-sha, 1996. p 44.</ref>. He sought out Chinese paintings, and was heavily influenced by them<ref name=kotobank/>.
Gusukuma was born to an aristocratic family in [[Shuri]]. His father Gusukuma Seishin<!--城間清信--> was a musician, who had led the musical performers on the [[1627]] [[Ryukyuan embassy to Edo]]<ref name=higa>Higa Chôken 比嘉朝健。”Kanô Yasunobu to Ryûkyû no gajin Jiryô" 狩野安信と琉球の画人自了。 ''Tôei (Jun-Nihonga Zasshi)'' 搭影(純日本画雑誌)、 Vol. 9-8 (Oct 1933). pp41-45.</ref>; but Seihô was a deaf mute<ref name=arts>"[http://www.wonder-okinawa.jp/013/E/art/dynasty/art10.html Hakutaku no zu]." Arts of Okinawa. Okinawa Prefectural Government. 2003. Accessed 6 October 2009.</ref> and he focused his energies in a different direction, teaching himself to paint<ref name=jinmei>"Ji Ryô." ''Okinawa rekishi jinmei jiten'' (沖縄歴史人名事典, "Encyclopedia of People of Okinawan History"). Naha: Okinawa Bunka-sha, 1996. p 44.</ref>. He sought out Chinese paintings, and was heavily influenced by them<ref name=kotobank/>.