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*''Japanese'': [[徳川]]義親 ''(Tokugawa Yoshichika)''

*''Japanese'': [[徳川]]義親 ''(Tokugawa Yoshichika)''

[[Kazoku|Marquis]] Tokugawa Yoshichika was the founder of the [[Tokugawa Art Museum]]. He was the biological son of [[Matsudaira Shungaku]], last ''daimyô'' of [[Echizen han]], and the adopted son of [[Tokugawa Yoshikatsu]], the last ''daimyô'' of [[Owari han]]; Yoshichika succeeded Yoshikatsu to become head of the [[Owari Tokugawa clan|Owari branch]] of the [[Tokugawa clan]].

[[Kazoku|Marquis]] Tokugawa Yoshichika was the founder of the [[Tokugawa Art Museum]]. He was the biological son of [[Matsudaira Shungaku]], last ''daimyô'' of [[Echizen han]], and was adopted in [[1908]] by [[Tokugawa Yoshikatsu]], the last ''daimyô'' of [[Owari han]]; Yoshichika succeeded Yoshikatsu to become the 19th head of the [[Owari Tokugawa clan|Owari branch]] of the [[Tokugawa clan]].

Educated at the [[Gakushuin|Gakushûin]] (Peers' School), he attended [[Tokyo University|Tokyo Imperial University]] as an undergraduate, where he researched forestry history, and then went on to pursue graduate studies in botany beginning in [[1911]]. He became a member of the [[House of Peers]] that same year.

Educated at the [[Gakushuin|Gakushûin]] (Peers' School), he attended [[Tokyo University|Tokyo Imperial University]] as an undergraduate, where he researched forestry history, and then went on to pursue graduate studies in botany beginning in [[1911]]. He became a member of the [[House of Peers]] that same year.

He established the Tokugawa Institute for Biological Research (''Tokugawa Seibutsu Kenkyûjo'') in 1918, the Tokugawa Institute for the History of Forestry (''Tokugawa Rinseishi Kenkyûjo'') in 1923, and the Tokugawa Reimeikai Foundation in 1931. In 1935, along with the Foundation, he worked to establish the Tokugawa Art Museum, on the grounds of the former site of the Owari Tokugawa [[daimyo yashiki|mansion]] in [[Nagoya]], donating to the new museum the Owari Tokugawa clan's collection of artworks and artifacts. An early exhibit, shown the year after the founding of the museum, included works of calligraphy by [[Emperor Go-Mizunoo]], [[Emperor Komei|Emperor Kômei]], [[Shogun]] [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]], and Yoshichika's birth father & adopted father. The Shôwa Emperor visited the museum on August 3, 1937, and is said to have "congratulated Yoshichika on his accomplishment."<ref>Pitelka, 465.</ref>  In 1940-1942, Yoshichika played a prominent role in the publication of the [[1881]] ''[[Tokugawa reiten roku]]'' which his father helped compile.<ref>Tokugawa Reiten Roku 徳川禮典録, vol 1., Tokyo: Owari Tokugawa Reimeikai (1942), 1-2.</ref>

He established the Tokugawa Institute for Biological Research (''Tokugawa Seibutsu Kenkyûjo'') in 1918, the Tokugawa Institute for the History of Forestry (''Tokugawa Rinseishi Kenkyûjo'') in 1923, and the Tokugawa Reimeikai Foundation in 1931. In 1935, along with the Foundation, he worked to establish the Tokugawa Art Museum, on the grounds of the former site of the Owari Tokugawa detached palace in [[Nagoya]], donating to the new museum the Owari Tokugawa clan's collection of artworks and artifacts. An early exhibit, shown the year after the founding of the museum, included works of calligraphy by [[Emperor Go-Mizunoo]], [[Emperor Komei|Emperor Kômei]], [[Shogun]] [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]], and Yoshichika's birth father & adopted father. The Shôwa Emperor visited the museum on August 3, 1937, and is said to have "congratulated Yoshichika on his accomplishment."<ref>Pitelka, "Art, Agency, and Networks," 465.</ref>  In 1940-1942, Yoshichika played a prominent role in the publication of the [[1881]] ''[[Tokugawa reiten roku]]'' which his father helped compile.<ref>Tokugawa Reiten Roku 徳川禮典録, vol 1., Tokyo: Owari Tokugawa Reimeikai (1942), 1-2.</ref>

 

Yoshichika was also involved in radical politics in the 1930s-40s. He donated a considerable sum (some 500,000 yen) to the Sakura-kai, to support a 1931 attempted military coup which later came to be known as the March Incident. He was also involved in a second attempted (and failed) military coup, the "February 26th Incident" of 1936. Nevertheless, Yoshichika managed to escape any punishment or political persecution for his involvement in these two incidents, and to the contrary managed to secure highly influential positions in colonial administration and wartime planning. As the result of experience traveling in Malaya & socializing with the Sultan of Johore during the interwar period, Yoshichika was named supreme consulting advisor to the Japanese colonial administration of Singapore in 1942-1944, and honorary president of the Raffles Museum & Botanical Gardens.<ref>Morgan Pitelka, ''Spectacular Accumulation'', University of Hawaii Press (2016), 166-167.</ref>

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