Changes

Mining was quite important in the northern territory of Tonkin, and Chinese merchant organizations were heavily involved in there. As of the 1760s, taxes on Chinese mines accounted for roughly half the annual income of the Trinh lords.<ref>Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 78-79.</ref>

Mining was quite important in the northern territory of Tonkin, and Chinese merchant organizations were heavily involved in there. As of the 1760s, taxes on Chinese mines accounted for roughly half the annual income of the Trinh lords.<ref>Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 78-79.</ref>

The Lê Dynasty fell in 1788 to the [[Tay Son Rebellion]]. Though [[Qing Dynasty]] China attempted to intervene (or interfere), the Vietnamese pushed the Qing forces out of their territory as early as the following year. The Tay Son state lasted only a few decades; like the Ly-Tran dynasties of earlier times, and quite unlike the Le-Nguyen dynasties it overthrew, the Tay Son state rejected political or cultural closeness to China, and embraced a more strongly Southeast Asian identity.

The Lê Dynasty fell in 1788 to the [[Tay Son Rebellion]], which had begun in [[1771]]. Though [[Qing Dynasty]] China attempted to intervene (or interfere), the Vietnamese pushed the Qing forces out of their territory as early as the following year. The Tay Son state<!--西山朝--> lasted only a few decades; like the Ly-Tran dynasties of earlier times, and quite unlike the Le-Nguyen dynasties it overthrew, the Tay Son state rejected political or cultural closeness to China, and embraced a more strongly Southeast Asian identity.

==Nguyễn Dynasty==

==Nguyễn Dynasty==

The Nguyễn Dynasty began in [[1802]], marking an end to the short-lived Tay Son state.

The Nguyễn Dynasty began in [[1802]], marking an end to the short-lived Tay Son state. Despite French colonization, this dynasty officially continued all the way up until 1945.<ref>Kikuchi Seiichi 菊池誠一, ''17 seiki no Hoi An Nihonmachi ato wo sauguru'' １７世紀のホイアン日本町跡を探る. in ''Dai-betonamu ten kōshiki katarogu Betonamu monogatari'' 大ベトナム展公式カタログベトナム物語, Kyushu National Museum (2013), 13.</ref>

==Colonization==

==Colonization==