Following the Japanese defeat in World War II, Taiwan was restored to Chinese sovereignty.<ref>Peattie, 22.</ref> It remained connected to the mainland for only four years, however, splitting off in 1949 as the Nationalist (Kuomintang) government of the Republic of China fled into exile on the island, leaving the Communist government to establish the People's Republic of China as ruling the entire Chinese mainland. | Following the Japanese defeat in World War II, Taiwan was restored to Chinese sovereignty.<ref>Peattie, 22.</ref> It remained connected to the mainland for only four years, however, splitting off in 1949 as the Nationalist (Kuomintang) government of the Republic of China fled into exile on the island, leaving the Communist government to establish the People's Republic of China as ruling the entire Chinese mainland. |