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The first lord of Morioka was [[Nanbu Toshinao]], who supported the [[Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] in the [[Sekigahara Campaign]] and in the [[Osaka Winter Campaign]]. He had also led campaigns back home to suppress ''[[ikki]]'' uprisings, thus securing the territory for the Nanbu; in recognition of his loyal service, he was confirmed in these lands by [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]], with a ''[[kokudaka]]'' of 100,000 ''[[koku]]''. When his son, [[Nanbu Shigenao]], died without having chosen an heir, however, the shogunate divided the territory, reducing Morioka to 80,000 ''koku'' and creating [[Hachinohe han]] with 20,000 ''koku''.

The first lord of Morioka was [[Nanbu Toshinao]], who supported the [[Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] in the [[Sekigahara Campaign]] and in the [[Osaka Winter Campaign]]. He had also led campaigns back home to suppress ''[[ikki]]'' uprisings, thus securing the territory for the Nanbu; in recognition of his loyal service, he was confirmed in these lands by [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]], with a ''[[kokudaka]]'' of 100,000 ''[[koku]]''. When his son, [[Nanbu Shigenao]], died without having chosen an heir, however, the shogunate divided the territory, reducing Morioka to 80,000 ''koku'' and creating [[Hachinohe han]] with 20,000 ''koku''.

The third lord of Morioka, [[Nanbu Shigenobu]], effected a domain-wide survey, brought new land into cultivation, and completed the formation and structuring of the domain's internal administration, bringing the domain's ''kokudaka'' back up to 100,000 ''koku''. Shigenobu was succeeded by his third son, [[Nanbu Yukinobu]], whose two elder brothers had predeceased him. He was age 50<ref>By traditional [[age calculation]], counting the number of calendar years in which he lived.</ref> when he became ''daimyô'' of Morioka; upon his death at age 61, he was succeeded by his second son, ''[[Bingo province|Bingo]] no kami'' [[Nanbu Nobuoki]], who died shortly afterwards at age 30, at the domain's [[Edo]] [[daimyo yashiki|mansion]].

The third lord of Morioka, [[Nanbu Shigenobu]], effected a domain-wide survey, brought new land into cultivation, and completed the formation and structuring of the domain's internal administration, bringing the domain's ''kokudaka'' back up to 100,000 ''koku''. However, there was some ambiguity as to the status of the Nanbu clan at this point; by splitting the domain, they had lost their ''[[kunimochi]]'' status, and it was unclear whether they should be considered to have regained it. Upon arriving in [[Edo]] on one of their ''[[sankin kotai|sankin kôtai]]'' journeys around that time, the Nanbu were greeted by a ''[[soshaban|sôshaban]]'' (a shogunal official in charge of ceremonial matters), rather than by a member of the ''[[roju|rôjû]]'', as a ''kunimochi daimyô'' should. The excuse was given that the ''rôjû'' were simply too busy that day, and this was an acceptable explanation; however, the next time this happened, a year or two later, the Nanbu ''[[rusuiyaku]]'' filed an official protest with the shogunate. It developed into a fairly major matter, and in the end, the Nanbu were formally once again recognized as ''kunimochi daimyô''.<ref>Yamamoto Hirofumi, ''Edo jidai - shôgun bushi tachi no jitsuzô'', Tokyo Shoseki (2008), 93.</ref>

 

Shigenobu was succeeded by his third son, [[Nanbu Yukinobu]], whose two elder brothers had predeceased him. He was age 50<ref>By traditional [[age calculation]], counting the number of calendar years in which he lived.</ref> when he became ''daimyô'' of Morioka; upon his death at age 61, he was succeeded by his second son, ''[[Bingo province|Bingo]] no kami'' [[Nanbu Nobuoki]], who died shortly afterwards at age 30, at the domain's [[Edo]] [[daimyo yashiki|mansion]].

''[[Daizen daibu|Daizen-ryô]]''<!--大膳亮--><ref>An (honorary?) office in the Imperial Court in charge of overseeing food and drink.</ref> [[Nanbu Toshimoto]] became the sixth lord of Morioka after the death of his older brother Nobuoki. Toshimoto ruled until his own death at age 37; since his heir, [[Nanbu Toshikatsu]], was only in his second year, Toshimoto was succeeded by his 18-year-old brother ''daizen daibu'' [[Nanbu Toshimi]], who had been born the year after their father's death. Upon Toshimi's death at age 45, Toshikatsu succeeded his uncle, becoming the eighth lord of Morioka at age 29.

''[[Daizen daibu|Daizen-ryô]]''<!--大膳亮--><ref>An (honorary?) office in the Imperial Court in charge of overseeing food and drink.</ref> [[Nanbu Toshimoto]] became the sixth lord of Morioka after the death of his older brother Nobuoki. Toshimoto ruled until his own death at age 37; since his heir, [[Nanbu Toshikatsu]], was only in his second year, Toshimoto was succeeded by his 18-year-old brother ''daizen daibu'' [[Nanbu Toshimi]], who had been born the year after their father's death. Upon Toshimi's death at age 45, Toshikatsu succeeded his uncle, becoming the eighth lord of Morioka at age 29.

The domain suffered from poor harvests and famines from time to time. In [[1789]], a clash between the Nanbu and the [[Tsugaru clan]] over the borders of their territory ended to the benefit of the Tsugaru.

The domain suffered from poor harvests and famines from time to time. In [[1789]], a clash between the Nanbu and the [[Tsugaru clan]] over the borders of their territory ended to the benefit of the Tsugaru.

The domain's official ''kokudaka'' of 100,000 ''koku'' was doubled in [[1808]], in recognition of the Nanbu clan's contributions to the defense of [[Ezo]] ([[Hokkaido|Hokkaidô]]) against [[Russia]]n encroachment. [[Nanbu Toshinori]] was the lord of Morioka at this time. The new 200,000 ''koku'' level brought with it ''[[kuni-mochi]]'' ("province-holding") status for the Nanbu clan, but it was only an ''omotedaka'' increase, meaning an increase in the official status of the domain, as measured in ''koku'', but not an actual increase in the domain's agricultural production or geographic territory. This was a great boost for the domain's official status, but brought with it increased burdens, as the domain was now expected to provide double the troops<ref>In proportion to their 200,000 ''koku'' status, rather than their actual resources, which were closer to those of a 100,000 ''koku'' domain.</ref> to aid in the defense of the north (e.g. against the Russians).

The domain's official ''kokudaka'' of 100,000 ''koku'' was doubled in [[1808]], in recognition of the Nanbu clan's contributions to the defense of [[Ezo]] ([[Hokkaido|Hokkaidô]]) against [[Russia]]n encroachment. [[Nanbu Toshinori]] was the lord of Morioka at this time. The new 200,000 ''koku'' level brought with it ''[[kunimochi]]'' ("province-holding") status for the Nanbu clan, but it was only an ''omotedaka'' increase, meaning an increase in the official status of the domain, as measured in ''koku'', but not an actual increase in the domain's agricultural production or geographic territory. This was a great boost for the domain's official status, but brought with it increased burdens, as the domain was now expected to provide double the troops<ref>In proportion to their 200,000 ''koku'' status, rather than their actual resources, which were closer to those of a 100,000 ''koku'' domain.</ref> to aid in the defense of the north (e.g. against the Russians).

Prior to 1808, the domain restricted its use of the term ''[[kuni]]'' (country/state), referring to the domain itself, to internal documents. In exchanges with the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] or other domains, humbler terms such as ''zaisho'' (residence) or ''ryôbun'' (portion of territory) were used, in accordance with the customs of [[omote and uchi|''omote'' and ''uchi'']]. However, once the clan gained ''kuni-mochi'' status, it began to employ the term ''kuni'' in its external correspondence, signifying its increased status.

Prior to 1808, the domain restricted its use of the term ''[[kuni]]'' (country/state), referring to the domain itself, to internal documents. In exchanges with the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] or other domains, humbler terms such as ''zaisho'' (residence) or ''ryôbun'' (portion of territory) were used, in accordance with the customs of [[omote and uchi|''omote'' and ''uchi'']]. However, once the clan gained ''kuni-mochi'' status, it began to employ the term ''kuni'' in its external correspondence, signifying its increased status.

*''Edo daimyô hyakke'' 江戸大名百家. ''Bessatsu Taiyô'' 別冊太陽. Spring 1978. pp168, 187-188.

*''Edo daimyô hyakke'' 江戸大名百家. ''Bessatsu Taiyô'' 別冊太陽. Spring 1978. pp168, 187-188.

*[[Luke Roberts|Roberts, Luke]]. ''Performing the Great Peace: Political Space and Open Secrets in Tokugawa Japan''. University of Hawaii Press, 2012. pp48-50.

*[[Luke Roberts|Roberts, Luke]]. ''Performing the Great Peace: Political Space and Open Secrets in Tokugawa Japan''. University of Hawaii Press, 2012. pp48-50.

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