Changes

*''Japanese'': 團團珍聞 ''(marumaru chinbun)''

*''Japanese'': 團團珍聞 ''(marumaru chinbun)''

''Marumaru chinbun'' was an influential early [[Meiji period]] newspaper, founded by [[Nomura Fumio]] in [[1877]].

''Marumaru chinbun'' was an influential early [[Meiji period]] newspaper, founded by [[Nomura Fumio]] in [[1877]], and connected to the [[People's Freedom and Rights Movement]]. At its height, the ''Marumaru Chinbun'' had a circulation of 150,000.<ref>Miriam Wattles, "Mastering Light and Darkness: The Art of Kobayashi Kiyochika," lecture, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara CA, 3 May 2015.</ref>

Somewhat parodic and low-brow, the publication included reports on gossip from the red-light districts, entertainment worlds, and general goings-on around town, as well as serialized light fiction, and bits of information about the outside world. In this respect, it attempted to appeal to a variety of audiences, including literate urban members of the artisan/merchant classes, and newly Westernized intellectual elites (e.g. students).

Somewhat parodic and low-brow, the publication included reports on gossip from the red-light districts, entertainment worlds, and general goings-on around town, as well as serialized light fiction, and bits of information about the outside world. In this respect, it attempted to appeal to a variety of audiences, including literate urban members of the artisan/merchant classes, and newly Westernized intellectual elites (e.g. students).

==References==

==References==

*Peter Duus, "The Marumaru Chinbun and the Origins of the Japanese Political Cartoon," ''International Journal of Comic Art'' 1 (1999), 46-55.

*Peter Duus, "The Marumaru Chinbun and the Origins of the Japanese Political Cartoon," ''International Journal of Comic Art'' 1 (1999), 46-55.

[[Category:Meiji Period]]

[[Category:Meiji Period]]

[[Category:Historical Documents]]

[[Category:Historical Documents]]