Changes

The ''itowappu'' system was then abolished in [[1655]], after which trade in silk returned to being free. The competition of a free market, however, drove prices up, aggravating the problem the shogunate was seeking to solve: namely, that the shogunate desired to see more silk come into the country, and less [[silver]] flow out, and also to claim for official coffers a greater portion of the proceeds of trade. Attempts to curtail speculation by having Nagasaki prices posted in [[Osaka]] had little effect.

The ''itowappu'' system was then abolished in [[1655]], after which trade in silk returned to being free. The competition of a free market, however, drove prices up, aggravating the problem the shogunate was seeking to solve: namely, that the shogunate desired to see more silk come into the country, and less [[silver]] flow out, and also to claim for official coffers a greater portion of the proceeds of trade. Attempts to curtail speculation by having Nagasaki prices posted in [[Osaka]] had little effect.

The system was revived in [[1685]]...

The system was revived in [[1685]]... and was overseen by merchants from five cities (Nagasaki, Sakai, Osaka, Kyoto, and Edo), known collectively as the ''gokasho wappu no mono'' or ''gokasho shônin''.<ref>"[https://kotobank.jp/word/%E4%BA%94%E7%AE%87%E6%89%80%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA-498669 Gokasho shônin]," ''Digital Daijisen'', Shogakukan.; Yamamoto Hirofumi, ''Edo jidai - shogun bushi tachi no jitsuzô'', Tokyo shoseki (2008), 69.</ref>

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*Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 52.

*Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 52.

*[[Marius Jansen]], ''China in the Tokugawa World'', Harvard University Press (1992), 30.

*[[Marius Jansen]], ''China in the Tokugawa World'', Harvard University Press (1992), 30.

[[Category:Edo Period]]

[[Category:Edo Period]]

[[Category:Economics]]

[[Category:Economics]]