Changes

==History==

==History==

===Meiji Period===

===Meiji Period===

The relaxation of ''[[sankin kotai|sankin kôtai]]'' obligations in [[1862]] meant that [[han|domains]] no longer needed to maintain mansions and extensive staffs or retainer bases in Edo. Combined with the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in the 1868 [[Meiji Restoration]], the [[abolition of the han]] in [[1871]], and the attenuation of samurai stipends, many ''[[daimyo|daimyô]]'' abandoned their [[daimyo yashiki|mansions]] in the city in the 1860s-1870s, and returned to their home provinces along with their families and (former) retainers, with many other samurai leaving the city in other ways. Edo thus dropped from a population height of around 1.3 million in the early 19th century to just over 500,000 in [[1869]], returning to peak levels only around [[1889]].<ref>Fujitani, 39.</ref> The dramatic loss of so many consumers from the city over a relatively short period of time also had a significant depressive effect upon the city's commercial economy, from which it also took some time to recover.

The relaxation of ''[[sankin kotai|sankin kôtai]]'' obligations in [[1862]] meant that [[han|domains]] no longer needed to maintain mansions and extensive staffs or retainer bases in Edo. Combined with the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate in the 1868 [[Meiji Restoration]], the [[abolition of the han]] in [[1871]], and the attenuation of samurai stipends, many ''[[daimyo|daimyô]]'' abandoned their [[daimyo yashiki|mansions]] in the city in the 1860s-1870s, and returned to their home provinces along with their families and (former) retainers, with many other samurai leaving the city in other ways. Edo thus dropped from a population height of around 1.3 million in the early 19th century to just over 500,000 in [[1869]], returning to peak levels only around [[1889]].<ref>Fujitani, 39.</ref> The dramatic loss of so many consumers from the city over a relatively short period of time also had a significant depressive effect upon the city's commercial economy, from which it also took some time to recover.

Further, while there were initially concerns over what would happen to Kyoto were Tokyo to be made the chief, or sole, Imperial capital, in the end the architects of Meiji era discourses of nation and nationalism managed to make both cities serve important purposes in contributing to conceptions of the Imperial institution, and of the nation. While Tokyo represents the modern, politically engaged, and relatively human & accessible Emperor, Kyoto represents the ancient tradition and lofty spiritual power of the Emperor and of his lineage, stretching back unbroken to mythological times.<ref>Fujitani, 28.</ref>

Further, while there were initially concerns over what would happen to Kyoto were Tokyo to be made the chief, or sole, Imperial capital, in the end the architects of Meiji era discourses of nation and nationalism managed to make both cities serve important purposes in contributing to conceptions of the Imperial institution, and of the nation. While Tokyo represents the modern, politically engaged, and relatively human & accessible Emperor, Kyoto represents the ancient tradition and lofty spiritual power of the Emperor and of his lineage, stretching back unbroken to mythological times.<ref>Fujitani, 28.</ref>

Construction of Tokyo as a modern national capital, including elements which drew upon Western modes of expressing, celebrating, and instilling nationalism through monuments, began in earnest at the very end of the 1880s, and into the 1890s. A bronze statue of [[Omura Masujiro|Ômura Masujirô]], erected at [[Yasukuni Shrine]] in [[1893]], is oft-cited as the first such Western-style bronze statue of a national hero to be erected in Japan;<ref>Fujitani, 17.; Suzuki Eka, "Building Statues of Japanese Governors: Monumental Bronze Sculptures and Colonial Cooperation in Taiwan under Japanese Rule," presentation at 2013 UCSB International Conference on Taiwan Studies, University of California at Santa Barbara, 7 Dec 2013.</ref> many more followed soon after.

Construction of Tokyo as a modern national capital, including elements which drew upon Western modes of expressing, celebrating, and instilling nationalism through monuments, began in earnest at the very end of the 1880s, and into the 1890s. A bronze statue of [[Omura Masujiro|Ômura Masujirô]], erected at [[Yasukuni Shrine]] in [[1893]], is oft-cited as the first such Western-style bronze statue of a national hero to be erected in Japan;<ref>Fujitani, 17.; Suzuki Eka, "Building Statues of Japanese Governors: Monumental Bronze Sculptures and Colonial Cooperation in Taiwan under Japanese Rule," presentation at 2013 UCSB International Conference on Taiwan Studies, University of California at Santa Barbara, 7 Dec 2013.</ref> many more followed soon after.

*[[Ozaki Yukio]] (c. 1910)

*[[Ozaki Yukio]] (c. 1910)

==Geography & Notable Sites==

==Geography==

Tokyo Metropolitan Prefecture extends across a significant portion of what was previously [[Musashi province]], and across the [[Sumidagawa]] to the east, into what was traditionally [[Shimousa province]]. The core of the city is divided into 23 wards, while the remainder of the prefecture's area consists of municipalities to the west, and two small island groups off to the south. While Edo was crisscrossed with canals, the topography of the city itself has been dramatically changed, with many of the canals and rivers redirected, filled in, or built over; the city has also been expanded over the years with construction on landfill built out into Tokyo Bay.

Tokyo Metropolitan Prefecture extends across a significant portion of what was previously [[Musashi province]], and across the [[Sumidagawa]] to the east, into what was traditionally [[Shimousa province]]. The core of the city is divided into 23 wards, while the remainder of the prefecture's area consists of municipalities to the west, and two small island groups off to the south. While Edo was crisscrossed with canals, the topography of the city itself has been dramatically changed, with many of the canals and rivers redirected, filled in, or built over; the city has also been expanded over the years with construction on landfill built out into Tokyo Bay.