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[[File:Yushimaseido.JPG|right|thumb|320px|The Taiseiden (main hall) of the Yushima Seidô, seen through the Kyôdanmon gate.]]

[[File:Yushimaseido.JPG|right|thumb|320px|The Taiseiden (main hall) of the Yushima Seidô, seen through the Kyôdanmon gate.]]

*''Japanese'': 湯島聖堂 ''(Yushima seidou)''

*''Japanese'': 湯島聖堂 ''(Yushima seidou)''

The Yushima Seidô is a [[Confucian shrine]] located in [[Tokyo]].

The Yushima Seidô is a [[Confucian shrine]] located in [[Tokyo]], which formerly housed the Shôheizaka gakumonjo academy of the [[Hayashi clan]].

The shrine traces its history to a Confucian shrine called Senseiden, established by [[Hayashi Razan]] in [[1632]] at the request of lord of [[Owari han]],[[Tokugawa Yoshinao]], in Shinobu-ga-oka (today, [[Ueno Park]]). Shogun [[Tokugawa Tsunayoshi]] renamed the structure the Taiseiden, and the shrine complex "Seidô," as he removed the shrine to Ochanomizu in [[1691]]. Some of the buildings were repainted vermillion, with blue and green highlights, at that time.

The shrine, and the academy, trace their history to an academy founded by [[Hayashi Razan]] in [[1630]], on land given him by the shogunate at Shinobu-ga-oka, in [[Ueno]]. The academy consisted originally, essentially, of a study and a library. Two years later, with the help of [[Tokugawa Yoshinao]], lord of [[Owari han]], Razan built a [[Confucian temple]] <!--(孔子廟)--> on the site, calling it the Senseiden (先聖殿). Razan's successor, [[Hayashi Gaho|Hayashi Gahô]], in [[1663]], added a dormitory and began training disciples in earnest, calling the school Kôbunkan. Shogun [[Tokugawa Tsunayoshi]] renamed the main shrine hall the Taiseiden (大成殿), and the shrine complex "Seidô" 聖堂, as he removed the shrine and the academy to Ochanomizu in [[1691]], housing the academy within the Taiseiden. Some of the buildings were repainted vermillion, with blue and green highlights, at that time, and Gahô's successor as head of the Hayashi clan, [[Hayashi Hoko|Hayashi Hôkô]], was formally named its head, or ''daigaku no kami'' (大学頭).

Meanwhile, the [[Hayashi clan]]'s [[Shoheizaka gakumonjo|Shôheizaka gakumonjo]] academy was moved onto the grounds of the shrine, and came to be housed in the Taiseiden.

After Hôkô's death, the Hayashi clan fell into decline, as did the school, which came to be dominated by other schools of thought (other than the Hayashi school of [[Neo-Confucianism]]). In [[1703]], and again in [[1772]], the school suffered extensive damage from fires.

The shrine grounds were made a university in the [[Meiji period]], and the statues of [[Confucius]] and others were taken down, but the site, and the statues, were later restored. The shrine was then named a national historical landmark in 1922, but it was destroyed in the Great Kantô Earthquake the following year. It was rebuilt in 1935, in steel-reinforced-concrete, instead of in wood, and painted in black, inside and out. The roof was done in the ''[[irimoya]]'' style, with bronze ornaments. The world's largest statue of Confucius, a 1975 gift from the Taipei Lions Club, stands on the grounds.

[[Matsudaira Sadanobu]] was appointed head of the ''[[roju|rôjû]]'' in [[1787]]. He brought the school under the direct control of the shogunate, rebuilt and expanded the school buildings, and made it a site for the training of shogunate and domain officials. It was at this time that the school was officially named "Shôheizaka gakumonjo." As part of the [[Kansei Reforms]] which Sadanobu initiated, all teachings but those deemed "correct" or "appropriate" by the shogunate were banned, and the faculty was bolstered by the addition of [[Shiba no Ritsuzan]], [[Okada Kansen]], [[Bito Jishu|Bitô Jishû]], [[Koga Seiri]] and others.

 

took over its administration, opening up enrollment or attendance to the children of ''[[hatamoto]]'', daimyo's retainers (''[[baishin]]''), country samurai (''[[goshi|gôshi]]''), and ronin, where previously it had been limited only to higher-level shogunate or domain officials (or those being cultivated for such positions). By the [[Bakumatsu Period|Bakumatsu period]], the student body consisted of some of the brightest from a variety of domains, and from other samurai backgrounds.

 

Other teachers at the school included [[Sato Issai|Satô Issai]] and [[Asaka Gonsai]], and in [[1862]], with the establishment of the ''[[gakumonjo bugyosho|gakumonjo bugyôsho]]'', [[Shio no Yatoin|Shio no Yatôin]], [[Asai Sokuken]] and others also joined the faculty.

 

After the [[Meiji Restoration]], for a brief period, the academy was renamed the Shôheigakkô, and then the Shôhei-daigakkô, but in [[1871]] the school was closed, and the statues of [[Confucius]] and others were taken down. The site, and the statues, were later restored, however, and the shrine was named a national historical landmark in 1922, before being destroyed in the Great Kantô Earthquake the following year. It was rebuilt in 1935, in steel-reinforced-concrete, instead of in wood, and painted in black, inside and out. The roof was done in the ''[[irimoya]]'' style, with bronze ornaments. The world's largest statue of Confucius, a 1975 gift from the Taipei Lions Club, stands on the grounds.

==References==

==References==

*"[http://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B9%AF%E5%B3%B6%E8%81%96%E5%A0%82 Yushima seidô]." ''Koku shitei shiseki kanzen guide no kaisetsu'' 国指定史跡完全ガイドの解説, Kodansha, 2013.

*"[http://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%B9%AF%E5%B3%B6%E8%81%96%E5%A0%82 Yushima seidô]." ''Koku shitei shiseki kanzen guide no kaisetsu'' 国指定史跡完全ガイドの解説, Kodansha, 2013.

*Plaques on-site.

*Plaques on-site.