Changes

Historian Joan R. Piggott translates ''fûdoki'' (風土紀) as "regional gazetteers," but the less practical and most literal translation of "Records of Wind and Earth" is also seen in academic circles. These "gazetteers" followed the ''[[Kojiki]]'' and ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' as early historical texts, but what sets them apart is their individuality: they are limited in scope, as the information they contain stays within the borders of their respective provinces. It is believed that the writers of the ''Kojiki'' and the ''Nihon Shoki'' used various ''fûdoki'' to gather information for their final work.

Historian Joan R. Piggott translates ''fudoki'' (風土紀) as "regional gazetteers," but the less practical and most literal translation of "Records of Wind and Earth" is also seen in academic circles. These "gazetteers" followed the ''[[Kojiki]]'' and ''[[Nihon Shoki]]'' as early historical texts, but what sets them apart is their individuality: they are limited in scope, as the information they contain stays within the borders of their respective provinces. It is believed that the writers of the ''Kojiki'' and the ''Nihon Shoki'' used various ''fudoki'' to gather information for their final work.

==Origins==

==Origins==

Like contemporary texts, it was mostly written in Chinese. However, similar to the notable linguistic hybrid seen in the ''Kojiki'', it contained interwoven Japanese when citing word-for-word or presenting poetry.  

Like contemporary texts, it was mostly written in Chinese. However, similar to the notable linguistic hybrid seen in the ''Kojiki'', it contained interwoven Japanese when citing word-for-word or presenting poetry.  

==Extant Fûdoki==

==Extant Fudoki==

The following ''fûdoki'' are extant:

The following ''fudoki'' are extant:

*''Bungo fûdoki''　豊後風土紀

*''Bungo fudoki''　豊後風土紀

*''Hitachi fûdoki''　常陸風土紀

*''Hitachi fudoki''　常陸風土紀

*''Harima fûdoki''　播磨風土紀

*''Harima fudoki''　播磨風土紀

*''Izumo fûdoki'' 出雲風土紀

*''Izumo fudoki'' 出雲風土紀

*''Hizen fûdoki''　肥前風土紀

*''Hizen fudoki''　肥前風土紀

*''Higo fûdoki'' 　

*''Higo fudoki'' 　

There is some discrepancy in the number and titles of remaining ''fûdoki'', in that Piggott lists all the above except the ''Bungo fûdoki'' as being extant. However, an impressive work by Michiko Y. Aoki has all the above ''fûdoki'' including the Bungo text translated into English. However, it is missing the Higo text. ''The Cambridge History of Japan Volume One: Ancient Japan'' helps put some closure to this issue:

There is some discrepancy in the number and titles of remaining ''fudoki'', in that Piggott lists all the above except the ''Bungo fudoki'' as being extant. However, an impressive work by Michiko Y. Aoki has all the above ''fudoki'' including the Bungo text translated into English. However, it is missing the Higo text. ''The Cambridge History of Japan Volume One: Ancient Japan'' helps put some closure to this issue:

<blockquote>"Only the ''Izumo f&ucirc;doki'' survives intact; the gazetteers of Harima, Bungo, Hitachi, and Hizen are partially preserved, and fragments of a number of others have come down thanks to being quoted in various works."</blockquote>

<blockquote>"Only the ''Izumo fudoki'' survives intact; the gazetteers of Harima, Bungo, Hitachi, and Hizen are partially preserved, and fragments of a number of others have come down thanks to being quoted in various works."</blockquote>

The mysterious "number of others," therefore, puts to rest this confusion over the discrepancies.

The mysterious "number of others," therefore, puts to rest this confusion over the discrepancies.

[[Category:Historical Documents]]

[[Category:Historical Documents]]