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Created page with "*''Chinese'': 女真 ''(Nǚzhēn)'' The Jurchens were a nomadic steppes group which formed the Jin Dynasty (1122-1234), invading the Northern Song Dynasty and..."
*''Chinese'': 女真 ''(Nǚzhēn)''
The Jurchens were a nomadic steppes group which formed the [[Jin Dynasty]] ([[1122]]-[[1234]]), invading the [[Northern Song Dynasty]] and controlling all of northern [[China proper|China]] for over one hundred years, from [[1127]] to [[1234]]. The [[Manchus]], who emerged as a new group around the turn of the 17th century, claimed descent from the Jin Dynasty Jurchens.
The Jurchens claimed portions of northeastern [[Manchuria]] (today, the [[provinces of China|Chinese provinces]] of [[Jilin province|Jilin]] and [[Heilongjiang province|Heilongjiang]])<ref>Jonathan Spence, ''The Search for Modern China'', Second Edition, W.W. Norton & Co. (1999), 26.</ref> as their ancestral homelands. As early as [[1019]], the Jurchens launched pirate raids on [[Kyushu]] known as the [[Toi Invasion]].
The Jin Dynasty was founded in 1122. Three years later, with aid from the Northern Song, they conquered the [[Liao Dynasty]] of the [[Khitans]], another steppe nomad group. Jurchen forces then continued to push into Chinese territory, seizing the Northern Song capital of [[Kaifeng]] in [[1127]]; they captured [[Emperor Huizong]] and [[Emperor Qinzong of Song|his successor]], but another son of Huizong escaped, hiding out for about a decade before returning to found the [[Southern Song Dynasty]] in [[1138]]. The Jin signed a peace agreement with the Southern Song in [[1142]], requiring the Song to pay regular [[tribute]] in exchange for peace.
The peace was broken on several occasions, however, as conflict erupted between the Jin and the Song in [[1161]]-[[1165]], and again in [[1206]]-[[1208]]; on both occasions, however, the superior Song navy managed to prevent the Jurchens from crossing the [[Yangzi River]].<ref>Conrad Schirokauer, et al, ''A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations'', Fourth Edition, Cengage Learning (2012), 190-223.</ref>
The Jin fell to [[Mongol]] forces in 1234.
{{stub}}
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Groups]]
[[Category:Heian Period]]
[[Category:Kamakura Period]]
The Jurchens were a nomadic steppes group which formed the [[Jin Dynasty]] ([[1122]]-[[1234]]), invading the [[Northern Song Dynasty]] and controlling all of northern [[China proper|China]] for over one hundred years, from [[1127]] to [[1234]]. The [[Manchus]], who emerged as a new group around the turn of the 17th century, claimed descent from the Jin Dynasty Jurchens.
The Jurchens claimed portions of northeastern [[Manchuria]] (today, the [[provinces of China|Chinese provinces]] of [[Jilin province|Jilin]] and [[Heilongjiang province|Heilongjiang]])<ref>Jonathan Spence, ''The Search for Modern China'', Second Edition, W.W. Norton & Co. (1999), 26.</ref> as their ancestral homelands. As early as [[1019]], the Jurchens launched pirate raids on [[Kyushu]] known as the [[Toi Invasion]].
The Jin Dynasty was founded in 1122. Three years later, with aid from the Northern Song, they conquered the [[Liao Dynasty]] of the [[Khitans]], another steppe nomad group. Jurchen forces then continued to push into Chinese territory, seizing the Northern Song capital of [[Kaifeng]] in [[1127]]; they captured [[Emperor Huizong]] and [[Emperor Qinzong of Song|his successor]], but another son of Huizong escaped, hiding out for about a decade before returning to found the [[Southern Song Dynasty]] in [[1138]]. The Jin signed a peace agreement with the Southern Song in [[1142]], requiring the Song to pay regular [[tribute]] in exchange for peace.
The peace was broken on several occasions, however, as conflict erupted between the Jin and the Song in [[1161]]-[[1165]], and again in [[1206]]-[[1208]]; on both occasions, however, the superior Song navy managed to prevent the Jurchens from crossing the [[Yangzi River]].<ref>Conrad Schirokauer, et al, ''A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations'', Fourth Edition, Cengage Learning (2012), 190-223.</ref>
The Jin fell to [[Mongol]] forces in 1234.
{{stub}}
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Groups]]
[[Category:Heian Period]]
[[Category:Kamakura Period]]