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Created page with "*''Japanese'': 石炭 ''(sekitan)'' Coal was (and remains) a particularly prized commodity in the modern period; the desire for coaling stations for ships traveling across th..."
*''Japanese'': 石炭 ''(sekitan)''
Coal was (and remains) a particularly prized commodity in the modern period; the desire for coaling stations for ships traveling across the Pacific was a key element of the American and European push to "open" Japan in the [[Bakumatsu|early-to-mid-19th century]]. However, as early as the [[Edo period]], if not earlier, coal was used as fuel for various purposes in Japan, including the extraction of [[salt]] from seawater.<ref>Arne Kalland, ''Fishing Villages in Tokugawa Japan'', University of Hawaii Press (1995), 91-92. </ref>
In [[1762]], the shogunate established a clearinghouse, or ''kaisho'', for coal, as it had for several other commodities, seeking to monopolize the trade in the material, so as to extract revenues for government purposes, and to control the trade. A guild was further established in [[1773]] for dealers in coal, charcoal, and firewood, banning those outside the guild from engaging in such business, and aiming to lower and control prices. An additional ''kaisho'' was established in [[1775]].
In the [[Meiji period]], the [[Yaeyama Islands]], and [[Iriomote-jima]] in particular, became the site of significant coal mining efforts; these ended after World War II.<ref>Gallery labels, "Nature on Iriomotejima Island," Gallery 4 (Folklife), National Museum of Japanese History, July 2013.; [[George Kerr]], ''Okinawa: the History of an Island People'', Revised ed., Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing (2000), 362. </ref>
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==References==
*[[John Whitney Hall]], ''Tanuma Okitsugu (1719-1788): Forerunner of Modern Japan'', Harvard University Press (1955), 79.
<references/>
[[Category:Economics]]
Coal was (and remains) a particularly prized commodity in the modern period; the desire for coaling stations for ships traveling across the Pacific was a key element of the American and European push to "open" Japan in the [[Bakumatsu|early-to-mid-19th century]]. However, as early as the [[Edo period]], if not earlier, coal was used as fuel for various purposes in Japan, including the extraction of [[salt]] from seawater.<ref>Arne Kalland, ''Fishing Villages in Tokugawa Japan'', University of Hawaii Press (1995), 91-92. </ref>
In [[1762]], the shogunate established a clearinghouse, or ''kaisho'', for coal, as it had for several other commodities, seeking to monopolize the trade in the material, so as to extract revenues for government purposes, and to control the trade. A guild was further established in [[1773]] for dealers in coal, charcoal, and firewood, banning those outside the guild from engaging in such business, and aiming to lower and control prices. An additional ''kaisho'' was established in [[1775]].
In the [[Meiji period]], the [[Yaeyama Islands]], and [[Iriomote-jima]] in particular, became the site of significant coal mining efforts; these ended after World War II.<ref>Gallery labels, "Nature on Iriomotejima Island," Gallery 4 (Folklife), National Museum of Japanese History, July 2013.; [[George Kerr]], ''Okinawa: the History of an Island People'', Revised ed., Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing (2000), 362. </ref>
{{stub}}
==References==
*[[John Whitney Hall]], ''Tanuma Okitsugu (1719-1788): Forerunner of Modern Japan'', Harvard University Press (1955), 79.
<references/>
[[Category:Economics]]