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Created page with "*''Dates: 538-710'' *''Japanese'': 飛鳥時代 ''(Asuka jidai)'' The Asuka period, from 538-710, was the latter of two periods which make up the [[Yamato per..."
*''Dates: [[538]]-[[710]]''
*''Japanese'': 飛鳥時代 ''(Asuka jidai)''
The Asuka period, from [[538]]-[[710]], was the latter of two periods which make up the [[Yamato period]]. Following the [[Kofun period]] and preceding the [[Nara period]], Asuka marks the shift from kingly rule by the [[Yamato clan]] emerging out of [[Yayoi period|Yayoi]] and Kofun period clan structures, to Imperial rule, informed by Chinese thought and forms. The Asuka period saw the introduction of [[Buddhism]], and of much Chinese political culture and philosophy, as well as bureaucratic structures and practices.
The Imperial capital moved several times over the course of the period, from [[Asuka]] in [[Yamato province]] to [[Naniwa]] ([[645]]-[[653]]), then back to Asuka (653-[[667]]), to Ôtsu-no-miya in [[Omi province|Ômi province]] (667-[[672]]), and then to [[Fujiwara-kyo|Fujiwara-kyô]] ([[694]]-[[710]]), before [[Nara]] (Heijô-kyô) was established as the first "permanent" capital in 710, marking the beginning of the Nara period.
==History==
The Asuka period saw the beginning of formal diplomatic missions dispatched to China. Roughly three to six ''[[kenzuishi]]'', or "missions to [[Sui Dynasty|Sui]]," were sent from [[600]] to [[614]], and once the Sui Dynasty gave way to the [[Tang Dynasty]], the Yamato state sent ''[[kentoshi|kentôshi]]'' ("missions to Tang") beginning in [[630]]. These missions played a profound role in introducing numerous aspects of Chinese culture into Japan, including legal and political systems, and court music and ritual dance. A message sent from [[Shotoku Taishi|Prince Shôtoku]] and carried to the Chinese Court by one of these missions in [[608]] is often cited as the earliest extant/known instance of the use of the phrase "Land of the Rising Sun" (albeit ''Hi izuru tokoro'' 日出づる処, and not ''Nihon'' or ''Nippon'' 日本) to refer to Japan. The term "Nihon" may have first appeared in [[702]].<ref>Gallery labels. [http://kentoushi.exh.jp/ Imperial Envoys to Tang China : Early Japanese Encounters with Continental Culture] Exhibition. Nara National Museum. April through June 2010.</ref>
Shôtoku Taishi played a key role in promoting Buddhism in Japan in the early years of the 7th century, establishing [[Horyu-ji|Hôryû-ji]] in [[607]], . The great temple of [[Kofuku-ji|Kôfuku-ji]] in Nara was also established in this period, albeit somewhat later, in [[669]].
Prince Naka-no-Ôe, who served as regent for [[Empress Suiko]] and later took the throne himself as [[Emperor Tenji]], played a major role in establishing key law codes and governmental structures, most prominent among them the [[Taika Reforms]] of [[645]]. Naka-no-Ôe was also prominent alongside Nakatomi no Kamatari in a plot to eliminate the [[Soga clan]] in 645, thus ending their influence at court. This incident also saw the emergence of the [[Fujiwara clan]], which was to become quite prominent and influential in the [[Heian period]], as Kamatari was granted the clan name Fujiwara for his service to the throne.
The early years of the 660s saw the [[Yamato state]] ally itself with the Korean kingdom of [[Paekche]], against an alliance of the Korean kingdom of [[Silla]] and [[Tang Dynasty]] China, in a war over dominance on the Korean peninsula. This ended in defeat for the Japanese and their Paekche allies at the [[663]] [[Battle of Hakusukinoe]], after which Japanese involvement in, or engagement with, Korea was restrained for some time. Silla conquered the entire Korean peninsula in [[668]], and fear of Silla or Tang reprisals caused the Yamato Imperial government to put much effort into strengthening coastal defenses, in preparation for an attack which never came.
A prominent succession dispute, known as the [[Jinshin War]], took place in [[672]] as Emperor Tenji's brother [[Emperor Temmu|Prince Ôama]] and Tenji's son [[Prince Otomo|Prince Ôtomo]] vied for power. Ôama eventually defeated his nephew, and took the throne as Emperor Temmu, ruling until [[686]].
Either [[Empress Jito|Empress Jitô]] (r. 686-697) or her predecessor Emperor Temmu were likely the first Japanese ruler to hold the title ''tennô'' ("[[Emperor]]"), marking the shift from "Wa" or "Yamato," and the beginning of an Imperial Japanese state.<ref>[[Albert M. Craig]], ''The Heritage of Japanese Civilization'', Second Edition, Prentice Hall (2011), 17.; [[Amino Yoshihiko]], [[Alan Christy]] (trans.), ''Rethinking Japanese History'', Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan (2012), 247.</ref>
The Taihô [[Ritsuryo|Ritsuryô]] Codes were put into place in [[701]], building upon the Taika Reforms and other legal codes, further establishing a foundational legal and political structure for the Japanese Imperial state, based on Chinese models. These included systems of [[court ranks]], incorporating Chinese systems alongside native Japanese inventions such as the ''[[kabane]]'' system.
<center>
{| border="3" align="center"
|- align="center"
|width="35%"|Previous Period<br>'''[[Kofun Period]]'''
|width="25%"|'''[[Asuka Period]]'''
|width="35%"|Following Period<br>'''[[Nara Period]]'''
|}
</center>
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Historical Periods]]
[[Category:Asuka Period|*]]
*''Japanese'': 飛鳥時代 ''(Asuka jidai)''
The Asuka period, from [[538]]-[[710]], was the latter of two periods which make up the [[Yamato period]]. Following the [[Kofun period]] and preceding the [[Nara period]], Asuka marks the shift from kingly rule by the [[Yamato clan]] emerging out of [[Yayoi period|Yayoi]] and Kofun period clan structures, to Imperial rule, informed by Chinese thought and forms. The Asuka period saw the introduction of [[Buddhism]], and of much Chinese political culture and philosophy, as well as bureaucratic structures and practices.
The Imperial capital moved several times over the course of the period, from [[Asuka]] in [[Yamato province]] to [[Naniwa]] ([[645]]-[[653]]), then back to Asuka (653-[[667]]), to Ôtsu-no-miya in [[Omi province|Ômi province]] (667-[[672]]), and then to [[Fujiwara-kyo|Fujiwara-kyô]] ([[694]]-[[710]]), before [[Nara]] (Heijô-kyô) was established as the first "permanent" capital in 710, marking the beginning of the Nara period.
==History==
The Asuka period saw the beginning of formal diplomatic missions dispatched to China. Roughly three to six ''[[kenzuishi]]'', or "missions to [[Sui Dynasty|Sui]]," were sent from [[600]] to [[614]], and once the Sui Dynasty gave way to the [[Tang Dynasty]], the Yamato state sent ''[[kentoshi|kentôshi]]'' ("missions to Tang") beginning in [[630]]. These missions played a profound role in introducing numerous aspects of Chinese culture into Japan, including legal and political systems, and court music and ritual dance. A message sent from [[Shotoku Taishi|Prince Shôtoku]] and carried to the Chinese Court by one of these missions in [[608]] is often cited as the earliest extant/known instance of the use of the phrase "Land of the Rising Sun" (albeit ''Hi izuru tokoro'' 日出づる処, and not ''Nihon'' or ''Nippon'' 日本) to refer to Japan. The term "Nihon" may have first appeared in [[702]].<ref>Gallery labels. [http://kentoushi.exh.jp/ Imperial Envoys to Tang China : Early Japanese Encounters with Continental Culture] Exhibition. Nara National Museum. April through June 2010.</ref>
Shôtoku Taishi played a key role in promoting Buddhism in Japan in the early years of the 7th century, establishing [[Horyu-ji|Hôryû-ji]] in [[607]], . The great temple of [[Kofuku-ji|Kôfuku-ji]] in Nara was also established in this period, albeit somewhat later, in [[669]].
Prince Naka-no-Ôe, who served as regent for [[Empress Suiko]] and later took the throne himself as [[Emperor Tenji]], played a major role in establishing key law codes and governmental structures, most prominent among them the [[Taika Reforms]] of [[645]]. Naka-no-Ôe was also prominent alongside Nakatomi no Kamatari in a plot to eliminate the [[Soga clan]] in 645, thus ending their influence at court. This incident also saw the emergence of the [[Fujiwara clan]], which was to become quite prominent and influential in the [[Heian period]], as Kamatari was granted the clan name Fujiwara for his service to the throne.
The early years of the 660s saw the [[Yamato state]] ally itself with the Korean kingdom of [[Paekche]], against an alliance of the Korean kingdom of [[Silla]] and [[Tang Dynasty]] China, in a war over dominance on the Korean peninsula. This ended in defeat for the Japanese and their Paekche allies at the [[663]] [[Battle of Hakusukinoe]], after which Japanese involvement in, or engagement with, Korea was restrained for some time. Silla conquered the entire Korean peninsula in [[668]], and fear of Silla or Tang reprisals caused the Yamato Imperial government to put much effort into strengthening coastal defenses, in preparation for an attack which never came.
A prominent succession dispute, known as the [[Jinshin War]], took place in [[672]] as Emperor Tenji's brother [[Emperor Temmu|Prince Ôama]] and Tenji's son [[Prince Otomo|Prince Ôtomo]] vied for power. Ôama eventually defeated his nephew, and took the throne as Emperor Temmu, ruling until [[686]].
Either [[Empress Jito|Empress Jitô]] (r. 686-697) or her predecessor Emperor Temmu were likely the first Japanese ruler to hold the title ''tennô'' ("[[Emperor]]"), marking the shift from "Wa" or "Yamato," and the beginning of an Imperial Japanese state.<ref>[[Albert M. Craig]], ''The Heritage of Japanese Civilization'', Second Edition, Prentice Hall (2011), 17.; [[Amino Yoshihiko]], [[Alan Christy]] (trans.), ''Rethinking Japanese History'', Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan (2012), 247.</ref>
The Taihô [[Ritsuryo|Ritsuryô]] Codes were put into place in [[701]], building upon the Taika Reforms and other legal codes, further establishing a foundational legal and political structure for the Japanese Imperial state, based on Chinese models. These included systems of [[court ranks]], incorporating Chinese systems alongside native Japanese inventions such as the ''[[kabane]]'' system.
<center>
{| border="3" align="center"
|- align="center"
|width="35%"|Previous Period<br>'''[[Kofun Period]]'''
|width="25%"|'''[[Asuka Period]]'''
|width="35%"|Following Period<br>'''[[Nara Period]]'''
|}
</center>
==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Historical Periods]]
[[Category:Asuka Period|*]]