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Created page with " Edo period Nagasaki was served by two categories of interpreters. The ''Oranda tsûji'' (Holland interpreters) specialized in the translation & interpretation of [[Du..."
[[Edo period]] [[Nagasaki]] was served by two categories of interpreters. The ''Oranda tsûji'' (Holland interpreters) specialized in the translation & interpretation of [[Dutch language|Dutch]], while a category of ''Tô tsûji'' ("[[Tojin|Chinese]]" interpreters) included not only those specializing in Chinese, but also those responsible for interactions with people from a variety of other Asian countries/regions, including Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines, and India.
The first head of the Chinese interpreters was [[Feng Hui]], appointed in [[1604]]. Positions as interpreters were often passed down hereditarily, and official interpreters' students often included their direct relatives.
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==References==
*[[Marius Jansen]], ''China in the Tokugawa World'', Harvard University Press (1992), 13-14.
[[Category:Edo Period]]
[[Category:Ranks and Titles]]