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Chosokabe Motochika (view source)
Revision as of 00:36, 17 September 2006
, 00:36, 17 September 2006no edit summary
* ''Born: [[1539]]''
* ''Died: [[1599]]''
[[Image:Chosokabe_motochika.jpg||thumb|right|Chosokabe Motochika.]] [[Image:Chosokabe_mon.jpg||thumb|left|The Chosokabe mon.]]
Daimyô of the [[Chosokabe clan|Chosokabe]] family and eventual vassal to [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], Motochika rose to rule Tosa and, for a short time, the whole of Shikoku. The Chosokabe were respected Jito (deputy administrators) of Tosa from the 12th century and entered the 16th Century as vassals of the [[Ichijo clan|Ichijô Clan]], who were based in western Tosa.
Motochika was born at [[Oko castle|Oko Castle]] in the Nagaoka district of Tosa, the eldest son of [[Chosokabe Kunichika]] ([[1503)]-[[1560)]). Motochika was a quiet youth and his father was said to have fretted about the boy's gentle nature (he seems to have been nicknamed Himewakako, or 'Little Princess'); Kunichika's worries evaporated when Motochika later proved himself a skilled and brave warrior.
When Motochika came of age, his father had already begun to draw away from the Ichijô, and Motochika would carry on his work. In [[1562]] he defeated the nearby and locally powerful [[Motoyama clan|Motoyama]] at the [[Battle of Asakura]] (Motoyama) and by forming alliances with local families, Motochika was able to build his power base on the Kochi Plain. While being careful to remain ostensibly loyal to the Ichijô over the next few years, Motochika's power grew to the extent that he was strong enough to march on the rival [[Aki clan]] of east Tosa with 7,000 men and bring them to bear in [[1569]]. In the course of the decade he was awarded a court rank (Kunai no shô) and was sufficiently confident after the reduction of the Aki to finally turn on the Ichijô. While still lord of the Hata district of Tosa, [[Ichijo Kanesada|Ichijô Kanesada]] ([[1542]]-[[1585]]) was unpopular and had already suffered the defection of a number of important retainers. Seizing the opportunity, Motochika wasted no time in marching on the Ichijô's headquarters at Nakamura and in [[1573]] Kanesada fled to [[Bungo province|Bungo]], defeated. The [[Otoma clan|Ôtomo]] later supplied Kanesada with a fleet and he returned in an expedition which the Chosokabe easily crushed. The twice defeated Ichijô daimyô submitted to Motochika and was allowed to go into exile on an island off [[Iyo province|Iyo Province]] - only to be assassinated in [[1585]], presumably on Motochika's orders.
Motochika was now sole ruler of Tosa, but pressed onwards. One of the problems the Chosokabe were faced with was the very territory they possessed. It was poor, and Motochika was hard-pressed to when it came to decent tracts of land to dole out as rewards to his men. This as much as his own ambitions propelled him towards domination of the whole island.
Following his conquest of Tosa, Motochika turned north and prepared for an invasion of Iyo. The lord of that province was [[Kono Michinao|Kôno Michinao]], a daimyo who had once been driven from his domain by the Utsunomiya clan, returning only with the assistance of the powerful [[Mori clan|Môri]]. It was unlikely that Kôno could count on that sort of help again, however-presently the Môri were embroiled in a war with [[Oda Nobunaga]]. Nonetheless, Chosokabe's campaign in Iyo did not go off without a hitch. In [[1579]], a 7,000-man Chosokabe army, commanded by [[Kumu Yorinobu|Kumu (Kubu?) Yorinobu]], met the forces of [[Doi Kiyonaga]] at the Mimaomotegawa. In the ensuing battle, Kumu was killed and his army defeated, though the loss proved little more than an unfortunate delay. The next year, Motochika led some 30,000 men into Iyo, and forced Kôno to flee to Bungo province. With little interference from either the Môri or the Ôtomo, Chosokabe was free to press onwards, and in [[1582]] he stepped up ongoing raids into Awa and defeated the Sogo clan. By [[1583]], Chosokabe troops had subdued both [[Awa clan|Awa]] and [[Sanuki clan|Sanuki]], making Motochika's dream of ruling all of Shikoku a reality.
Sometime around [[1579]], Motochika entered into communication with Nobunaga, whom he fancied an ally. For his part, Nobunaga appears to have humored Motochika, though in private he referred to him as 'a bat on a birdless island' and planned to take Shikoku at some point (in fact naming his son Nobutada commander of the future invasion). This was averted by Nobunaga's death in [[1582]], and Motochika, whether he was aware of it or not, was given a new lease on life. By now he was something of a national power and became involved in the struggle between [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] and [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] the following year. He promised the latter support, though made no direct moves to that end. Hideyoshi, to make sure, sent [[Sengoku Hidehisa]] ([[1551]]-[[1614]]) to block any efforts on Motochika's part, though these troops seem to have been roughly treated by the Lord of Shikoku upon arrival on the island. The so-called [[Komaki Campaign]] between Hideyoshi and Ieyasu ended in a peace treaty, which odd ill for Chosokabe. In May [[1584]] Hideyoshi ordered a full-scale invasion of Shikoku, spear headed by 30,000 troops from the Môri clan and 60,000 more under [[Hashiba Hidenaga]]. Evidently, the late Nobunaga's assessment of the Chosokabe was accurate enough, for the invaders found a small army with such equipment as was available in poor condition. After desultory resistance, Motochika expressed a desire to negotiate. Hideyoshi's terms were generous. Motochika would get to keep his head and his hard-earned province of Tosa, an offer Motochika did not feel inclined to refuse.
In [[1587]] Motochika was called upon for Hideyoshi's invasion of Kyushu, becoming part of an advance force alongside, ironically, Sengoku Hidehisa. Their mission was to augment the besieged Ôtomo clan of [[Bungo province|Bungo]], whose request for assistance had provided Hideyoshi with the pretext for invasion. Despite Motochika's sage advice on the scene, Ôtomo and Sengoku ignored their orders to adopt a defensive stance, and attacked the encroaching [[Shimazu clan|Shimazu]] forces in the [[Battle of Hetsugigawa]]. The allied troops were soundly defeated, and in the process, Motochika suffered the death of his beloved son and heir, [[Chosokabe Nobuchika|Nobuchika]] ([[1565]]-[[1587]]). Hideyoshi praised Motochika's sober thinking, and offered him Ôsumi (once it had been taken) as compensation for his loss, which Motochika respectfully declined. In [[1590]] Motochika led a naval contingent in support of the [[Siege of Odawara]], and in [[1592]] commanded 3,000 troops in the invasion of Korea, being commended for his leadership once again. When he returned from Korea, he retired to Fushimi and took up a monk's habit, passing on in [[1599]].
In addition to his leadership, Motochika is remembered for his '100-Article Code of the Chosokabe' and his struggle to found an economically strong castle town, moving in the course of his career from [[Oko province|Oko]] to [[Otazaka province|Otazaka]] and on to [[Urado province|Urado]].
His heir, [[Chosokabe Morichika|Morichika]] ([[1575]]-[[1615]]), backed the wrong horse in the [[Sekigahara Campaign]], leading troops to join [[Ishida Mitsunari]] in the great battle. Like the Mori and [[Ankokuji clan|Ankokuji]] troops Morichika was positioned with, he saw little action, and fled once the Western (Ishida) forces were defeated. As a result of his involvement, however unimpressive, Morichika was deprived of Tosa, which passed to [[Yamaouchi Kazutoyo]] (who was forced to call on the services of [[Ii clan|Ii]] general [[Sukuki Hyoe|Suzkui Hyôe]] to quell the unruly Chosokabe warriors). Morichika went into private life in Kyoto until [[1614]], when he went to join the defenders of [[Osaka castle|Osaka Castle]], arriving there on the same day as [[Sanada Yukimura]]. When the castle fell the following year, Morichika attempted to flee but was apprehended at Hachiman-yama and beheaded in Kyoto.
The Chosokabe were served by the [[Kosokabe clan|Kosokabe]], [[Kira clan|Kira]] (both of whom were led in Motochika's time by his brothers), Yoshida, Kumu, Kagawa (into which Motochika adopted a son, Chikakazu), Yumioka, and others.
[[Category:Samurai]]
* ''Died: [[1599]]''
[[Image:Chosokabe_motochika.jpg||thumb|right|Chosokabe Motochika.]] [[Image:Chosokabe_mon.jpg||thumb|left|The Chosokabe mon.]]
Daimyô of the [[Chosokabe clan|Chosokabe]] family and eventual vassal to [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], Motochika rose to rule Tosa and, for a short time, the whole of Shikoku. The Chosokabe were respected Jito (deputy administrators) of Tosa from the 12th century and entered the 16th Century as vassals of the [[Ichijo clan|Ichijô Clan]], who were based in western Tosa.
Motochika was born at [[Oko castle|Oko Castle]] in the Nagaoka district of Tosa, the eldest son of [[Chosokabe Kunichika]] ([[1503)]-[[1560)]). Motochika was a quiet youth and his father was said to have fretted about the boy's gentle nature (he seems to have been nicknamed Himewakako, or 'Little Princess'); Kunichika's worries evaporated when Motochika later proved himself a skilled and brave warrior.
When Motochika came of age, his father had already begun to draw away from the Ichijô, and Motochika would carry on his work. In [[1562]] he defeated the nearby and locally powerful [[Motoyama clan|Motoyama]] at the [[Battle of Asakura]] (Motoyama) and by forming alliances with local families, Motochika was able to build his power base on the Kochi Plain. While being careful to remain ostensibly loyal to the Ichijô over the next few years, Motochika's power grew to the extent that he was strong enough to march on the rival [[Aki clan]] of east Tosa with 7,000 men and bring them to bear in [[1569]]. In the course of the decade he was awarded a court rank (Kunai no shô) and was sufficiently confident after the reduction of the Aki to finally turn on the Ichijô. While still lord of the Hata district of Tosa, [[Ichijo Kanesada|Ichijô Kanesada]] ([[1542]]-[[1585]]) was unpopular and had already suffered the defection of a number of important retainers. Seizing the opportunity, Motochika wasted no time in marching on the Ichijô's headquarters at Nakamura and in [[1573]] Kanesada fled to [[Bungo province|Bungo]], defeated. The [[Otoma clan|Ôtomo]] later supplied Kanesada with a fleet and he returned in an expedition which the Chosokabe easily crushed. The twice defeated Ichijô daimyô submitted to Motochika and was allowed to go into exile on an island off [[Iyo province|Iyo Province]] - only to be assassinated in [[1585]], presumably on Motochika's orders.
Motochika was now sole ruler of Tosa, but pressed onwards. One of the problems the Chosokabe were faced with was the very territory they possessed. It was poor, and Motochika was hard-pressed to when it came to decent tracts of land to dole out as rewards to his men. This as much as his own ambitions propelled him towards domination of the whole island.
Following his conquest of Tosa, Motochika turned north and prepared for an invasion of Iyo. The lord of that province was [[Kono Michinao|Kôno Michinao]], a daimyo who had once been driven from his domain by the Utsunomiya clan, returning only with the assistance of the powerful [[Mori clan|Môri]]. It was unlikely that Kôno could count on that sort of help again, however-presently the Môri were embroiled in a war with [[Oda Nobunaga]]. Nonetheless, Chosokabe's campaign in Iyo did not go off without a hitch. In [[1579]], a 7,000-man Chosokabe army, commanded by [[Kumu Yorinobu|Kumu (Kubu?) Yorinobu]], met the forces of [[Doi Kiyonaga]] at the Mimaomotegawa. In the ensuing battle, Kumu was killed and his army defeated, though the loss proved little more than an unfortunate delay. The next year, Motochika led some 30,000 men into Iyo, and forced Kôno to flee to Bungo province. With little interference from either the Môri or the Ôtomo, Chosokabe was free to press onwards, and in [[1582]] he stepped up ongoing raids into Awa and defeated the Sogo clan. By [[1583]], Chosokabe troops had subdued both [[Awa clan|Awa]] and [[Sanuki clan|Sanuki]], making Motochika's dream of ruling all of Shikoku a reality.
Sometime around [[1579]], Motochika entered into communication with Nobunaga, whom he fancied an ally. For his part, Nobunaga appears to have humored Motochika, though in private he referred to him as 'a bat on a birdless island' and planned to take Shikoku at some point (in fact naming his son Nobutada commander of the future invasion). This was averted by Nobunaga's death in [[1582]], and Motochika, whether he was aware of it or not, was given a new lease on life. By now he was something of a national power and became involved in the struggle between [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]] and [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] the following year. He promised the latter support, though made no direct moves to that end. Hideyoshi, to make sure, sent [[Sengoku Hidehisa]] ([[1551]]-[[1614]]) to block any efforts on Motochika's part, though these troops seem to have been roughly treated by the Lord of Shikoku upon arrival on the island. The so-called [[Komaki Campaign]] between Hideyoshi and Ieyasu ended in a peace treaty, which odd ill for Chosokabe. In May [[1584]] Hideyoshi ordered a full-scale invasion of Shikoku, spear headed by 30,000 troops from the Môri clan and 60,000 more under [[Hashiba Hidenaga]]. Evidently, the late Nobunaga's assessment of the Chosokabe was accurate enough, for the invaders found a small army with such equipment as was available in poor condition. After desultory resistance, Motochika expressed a desire to negotiate. Hideyoshi's terms were generous. Motochika would get to keep his head and his hard-earned province of Tosa, an offer Motochika did not feel inclined to refuse.
In [[1587]] Motochika was called upon for Hideyoshi's invasion of Kyushu, becoming part of an advance force alongside, ironically, Sengoku Hidehisa. Their mission was to augment the besieged Ôtomo clan of [[Bungo province|Bungo]], whose request for assistance had provided Hideyoshi with the pretext for invasion. Despite Motochika's sage advice on the scene, Ôtomo and Sengoku ignored their orders to adopt a defensive stance, and attacked the encroaching [[Shimazu clan|Shimazu]] forces in the [[Battle of Hetsugigawa]]. The allied troops were soundly defeated, and in the process, Motochika suffered the death of his beloved son and heir, [[Chosokabe Nobuchika|Nobuchika]] ([[1565]]-[[1587]]). Hideyoshi praised Motochika's sober thinking, and offered him Ôsumi (once it had been taken) as compensation for his loss, which Motochika respectfully declined. In [[1590]] Motochika led a naval contingent in support of the [[Siege of Odawara]], and in [[1592]] commanded 3,000 troops in the invasion of Korea, being commended for his leadership once again. When he returned from Korea, he retired to Fushimi and took up a monk's habit, passing on in [[1599]].
In addition to his leadership, Motochika is remembered for his '100-Article Code of the Chosokabe' and his struggle to found an economically strong castle town, moving in the course of his career from [[Oko province|Oko]] to [[Otazaka province|Otazaka]] and on to [[Urado province|Urado]].
His heir, [[Chosokabe Morichika|Morichika]] ([[1575]]-[[1615]]), backed the wrong horse in the [[Sekigahara Campaign]], leading troops to join [[Ishida Mitsunari]] in the great battle. Like the Mori and [[Ankokuji clan|Ankokuji]] troops Morichika was positioned with, he saw little action, and fled once the Western (Ishida) forces were defeated. As a result of his involvement, however unimpressive, Morichika was deprived of Tosa, which passed to [[Yamaouchi Kazutoyo]] (who was forced to call on the services of [[Ii clan|Ii]] general [[Sukuki Hyoe|Suzkui Hyôe]] to quell the unruly Chosokabe warriors). Morichika went into private life in Kyoto until [[1614]], when he went to join the defenders of [[Osaka castle|Osaka Castle]], arriving there on the same day as [[Sanada Yukimura]]. When the castle fell the following year, Morichika attempted to flee but was apprehended at Hachiman-yama and beheaded in Kyoto.
The Chosokabe were served by the [[Kosokabe clan|Kosokabe]], [[Kira clan|Kira]] (both of whom were led in Motochika's time by his brothers), Yoshida, Kumu, Kagawa (into which Motochika adopted a son, Chikakazu), Yumioka, and others.
[[Category:Samurai]]