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*''Japanese'': 新潟市 ''(Niigata-shi)''
Niigata is the capital city of [[Niigata prefecture]], and has a long history as a significant port town on the [[Sea of Japan]] coast.
During the [[Edo period]], Niigata was a major port in [[Nagaoka han]], [[Echigo province]]. For a number of years in the 1820s to early 1840s, ships sponsored by [[Satsuma han]] (including, chiefly, ones run by the [[Hamazaki family]]) brought [[sugar]], sweet potatoes, and perhaps various Chinese goods, to Niigata to trade for cinnabar and medicinal goods. The shogunate, under ''[[roju|rôjû]]'' [[Mizuno Tadakuni]], seeking to exert greater control over domestic and foreign trade, added the port of Niigata and the neighboring village of Niigata-hama to the set of cities under direct shogunate control in [[1843]], setting the stage for it to become opened to foreign trade as a [[treaty port]] in the 1850s.
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==References==
*Robert Hellyer, ''Defining Engagement'', Harvard University Press (2009), 139.
==External Links==
*[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Niigata,+Niigata+Prefecture,+Japan/@37.8490597,139.025588,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x5ff4c5c255c7c0f7:0xf1509bcbc990230d Niigata City on Google Maps]
[[Category:Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:Edo Period]]
[[Category:Bakumatsu]]