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===In Japan===
===In Japan===
====Planning and Arrival====
====Planning and Arrival====
The king's trip to Japan came as part of a world tour. He departed Honolulu on January 20, 1881, sailing first to San Francisco, and then making his way west, stopping in Japan, China, Siam, India, Egypt, various countries in Europe, England, and the United States, before returning to Honolulu on October 29 that same year. His traveling party was quite small, including a personal valet, and former schoolmates Chamberlain Colonel Charles H. Judd and Attorney General William N. Armstrong. Judd, Armstrong and the king had been classmates at the Chiefs' Children's School. For the duration of the trip, Kalākaua named Armstrong "Minister of State" and "Royal Commissioner of Immigration," in order that he might be of equivalent rank to government officials they would be meeting with. His stay in Japan was not necessarily conceived as a formal state visit, however; to the contrary, the king hoped to travel incognito, and arranged with a member of the ''Oceanic'' crew for a suite of hotel rooms in Yokohama. Despite no advance notice of the king's plans, the Japanese government arranged a formal reception, with the emperor appointing [[Hachisuka Mochiaki]], [[Date Muneki]], [[Ishibashi Masakata]], and [[Nagasaki Seigo]] to a reception committee headed by [[Prince Higashifushimi Yoshiaki]]. The Prince would attend to the king extensively throughout his nearly two-week stay in Tokyo.
The king's trip to Japan came as part of a world tour. He departed Honolulu on January 20, 1881, sailing first to San Francisco, and then making his way west, stopping in Japan, China, Siam, India, Egypt, various countries in Europe, England, and the United States, before returning to Honolulu on October 29 that same year. His traveling party was quite small, including former schoolmates Chamberlain Colonel Charles H. Judd and Attorney General William N. Armstrong, and a personal valet, the German Baron Robert von Oehlhoffen.<ref>Michael Dougherty, ''To Steal a Kingdom'', Waimanalo: Island Style Press (1992), 147.</ref> Judd, Armstrong and the king had been classmates at the Chiefs' Children's School. For the duration of the trip, Kalākaua named Armstrong "Minister of State" and "Royal Commissioner of Immigration," in order that he might be of equivalent rank to government officials they would be meeting with. His stay in Japan was not necessarily conceived as a formal state visit, however; to the contrary, the king hoped to travel incognito, and arranged with a member of the ''Oceanic'' crew for a suite of hotel rooms in Yokohama. Despite no advance notice of the king's plans, the Japanese government arranged a formal reception, with the emperor appointing [[Hachisuka Mochiaki]], [[Date Muneki]], [[Ishibashi Masakata]], and [[Nagasaki Seigo]] to a reception committee headed by [[Prince Higashifushimi Yoshiaki]]. The Prince would attend to the king extensively throughout his nearly two-week stay in Tokyo.
As the ''Oceanic'' approached entered Yokohama harbor, its captain, with the king's permission, hoisted the Hawaiian flag. He was welcomed with a twenty-one gun salute. Hachisuka and Ichibashi then boarded the king's ship along with the vice governor of [[Kanagawa prefecture]] and an admiral of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]], presenting a formal invitation for Kalākaua to be a guest of the emperor for the duration of his stay in Japan. As he alighted from the ship, the emperor's military band began playing the Hawaiian national anthem, ''Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī'', the lyrics of which Kalākaua had written himself, and which had been adopted as the national anthem only five years earlier. All of this is said to have come at a complete surprise to the king, who had expected to maintain a relatively low profile. They were then taken to the Admiralty Office Landing, where they were met by Secretary [[Durham White Stevens]] of the American Legation, and Hawaiian Consul General [[Robert Walker Irwin]]. Finally, at around 11:30 AM, they met with Prince Higashifushimi, and made arrangements for an audience with the emperor the following day.
As the ''Oceanic'' approached entered Yokohama harbor, its captain, with the king's permission, hoisted the Hawaiian flag. He was welcomed with a twenty-one gun salute. Hachisuka and Ichibashi then boarded the king's ship along with the vice governor of [[Kanagawa prefecture]] and an admiral of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]], presenting a formal invitation for Kalākaua to be a guest of the emperor for the duration of his stay in Japan. As he alighted from the ship, the emperor's military band began playing the Hawaiian national anthem, ''Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī'', the lyrics of which Kalākaua had written himself, and which had been adopted as the national anthem only five years earlier. All of this is said to have come at a complete surprise to the king, who had expected to maintain a relatively low profile. They were then taken to the Admiralty Office Landing, where they were met by Secretary [[Durham White Stevens]] of the American Legation, and Hawaiian Consul General [[Robert Walker Irwin]]. Finally, at around 11:30 AM, they met with Prince Higashifushimi, and made arrangements for an audience with the emperor the following day.