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| ==History== | | ==History== |
− | The system was established in [[1884]], in the [[Meiji period]], in conjunction with efforts to create a systematized set of "national" traditions, and a national narrative of Japan's history, comparable to those possessed by "modern" nation-states in the West. The first object to be designated a National Treasure was a 7th century statue of [[Miroku]] held at [[Koryu-ji|Kôryû-ji]] in Kyoto. | + | The system was established in [[1884]], in the [[Meiji period]], in conjunction with efforts to create a systematized set of "national" traditions, and a national narrative of Japan's history, comparable to those possessed by "modern" nation-states in the West. The first object to be designated a National Treasure was a 7th century wooden Buddha statue held at [[Koryu-ji|Kôryû-ji]] in Kyoto.<ref>This sculpture has traditionally been identified as a depiction of Maitreya (J: ''[[Miroku]]''), but today many scholars suggest that the identity of the figure is unclear. Conrad Schirokauer, et al, ''A Brief History of Japanese Civilization'', Wadsworth Cengage (2013), 29.</ref> |
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− | The Japanese government, which held Korea as a colony from [[1910]]-1945, also compiled a list of "National Treasures of Korea." The Republic of Korea (aka South Korea) today retains that list, with numerous post-independence additions. | + | The Japanese government, which held Korea as a [[Colonial Korea|colony]] from [[1910]]-1945, also compiled a list of "[[National Treasures of Korea]]." The Republic of Korea (aka South Korea) today retains that list, with numerous post-independence additions. |
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| Up until 1932, the only buildings that could be designated National Treasures were [[Buddhist temples]] and [[Shinto shrines]].<ref>Loo, Tze M. “Shuri Castle’s Other History: Architecture and Empire in Okinawa.” ''The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus'' 41 (12 Oct 2009).</ref> This was then modified to allow Japanese castles and other sites of historical importance to be added to the category. | | Up until 1932, the only buildings that could be designated National Treasures were [[Buddhist temples]] and [[Shinto shrines]].<ref>Loo, Tze M. “Shuri Castle’s Other History: Architecture and Empire in Okinawa.” ''The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus'' 41 (12 Oct 2009).</ref> This was then modified to allow Japanese castles and other sites of historical importance to be added to the category. |
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| ==List of National Treasures== | | ==List of National Treasures== |
| + | [[File:Kofunslippers.jpg|right|thumb|320px|Gilt bronze slippers from Eta Funayama [[kofun]], Kumamoto prefecture. Tokyo National Museum]] |
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| + | ===Archaeological Materials=== |
| + | *[[Eisei Bunko]] (Tokyo): |
| + | **"Hosokawa Mirror" - a [[bronze mirror]] excavated outside of [[Luoyang]] and dating to China's [[Warring States Period]] |
| + | *Fukuoka City Museum (Fukuoka): |
| + | **Gold seal granted in [[57]] CE to the State of [[Na]] by [[Emperor Guangwu]] of [[Han Dynasty|Han]] |
| + | *Hachinohe City Museum: |
| + | **[[Dogu|Dogû]] from Aomori kazahari excavation site.<ref name=aka2009/> |
| + | *[[Isonokami Shrine]] ([[Tenri]], [[Nara prefecture]]): |
| + | **[[Seven Branch Sword]], 4th c. |
| + | *The Museum, [[Archaeological Institute of Kashihara]], Nara Prefecture: |
| + | **Objects excavated from [[Fujinoki kofun]], 6th c., [[Ikaruga]], Nara pref. |
| + | *Tokyo National Museum: |
| + | **Swords, gilt bronze slippers, and other objects from [[Eta Funayama kofun]], [[Kumamoto prefecture]], 5-6th century |
| + | **Ritual objects from consecration of Kôfuku-ji, Nara, 8th century, discovered [[1874]] |
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| ===Castles & Residences=== | | ===Castles & Residences=== |
| [[File:Himeji1.jpg|right|thumb|320px|[[Himeji castle]]]] | | [[File:Himeji1.jpg|right|thumb|320px|[[Himeji castle]]]] |
| + | *[[Akasaka Palace]]<ref name=aka2009>Designated in 2009. ''Kokuhô no bi'' 50, Asahi Shinbun shuppan (2010), 22-23.</ref> |
| *[[Hikone castle]] - main ''tenshu'' | | *[[Hikone castle]] - main ''tenshu'' |
| *[[Himeji castle]] - various buildings | | *[[Himeji castle]] - various buildings |
| *[[Nijo castle|Nijô castle]] - Ninomaru Palace | | *[[Nijo castle|Nijô castle]] - Ninomaru Palace |
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| + | ===Historical Documents=== |
| + | *Documents related to the [[Keicho Embassy|Keichô Embassy]], held at Sendai City Museum.<ref>Designated in 2001. ''Kokuhô no bi'' 50, Asahi Shinbun shuppan (2010), 14-21.</ref> |
| + | *Documents of the [[Shimazu clan]] (''Shimazu ke monjo'', held at [[Shiryohensanjo|Shiryôhensanjo]], [[University of Tokyo]])<ref>[http://www.hi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/collection/collection02-j.html 所蔵資料紹介:貴重書], Historiographical Institute, University of Tokyo.</ref> |
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| + | ===Other Buildings=== |
| + | *[[Tamaudun]] ([[Shuri]], [[Okinawa prefecture|Okinawa]]) |
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| ===Paintings & Calligraphy=== | | ===Paintings & Calligraphy=== |
| + | [[File:Hikone-zeshin.JPG|right|thumb|320px|"Parody of the Four Accomplishments" (detail), by [[Shibata Zeshin]] (Metropolitan Museum); based on the ''[[Hikone Screen]]'', a National Treasure]] |
| + | *''[[Ban Dainagon Ekotoba]]'' ([[Idemitsu Museum]], Tokyo) |
| + | *''[[Choju-jinbutsu-giga|Chôjû-jinbutsu-giga]]'' ([[Kozan-ji|Kôzan-ji]], Kyoto) |
| *[[Daitoku-ji]], [[Kyoto]]: | | *[[Daitoku-ji]], [[Kyoto]]: |
| **[[Mu Qi]] ink triptych ([[Kannon]], crane, monkeys) | | **[[Mu Qi]] ink triptych ([[Kannon]], crane, monkeys) |
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| **Daitoku-ji [[Shinju-an]] - various paintings, works of calligraphy, etc. including works of calligraphy by [[Daito Kokushi|Daitô Kokushi]]. | | **Daitoku-ji [[Shinju-an]] - various paintings, works of calligraphy, etc. including works of calligraphy by [[Daito Kokushi|Daitô Kokushi]]. |
| *Eingakyô illustrated [[sutra]] scroll ([[Jobonrendaiji|Jôbonrendaiji]], Kyoto) | | *Eingakyô illustrated [[sutra]] scroll ([[Jobonrendaiji|Jôbonrendaiji]], Kyoto) |
| + | *"[[Hikone Screen]]s," ([[Hikone castle]]) |
| + | *[[Jingo-ji]], Kyoto: |
| + | **Portrait of [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]], attr. [[Fujiwara no Takanobu]] |
| + | **''Red and White Plum Blossoms'' folding screens, [[Ogata Korin|Ogata Kôrin]] (MOA, Museum of Art, [[Atami]], Shizuoka pref.) |
| + | **''Shaka Nyorai'' hanging scroll painting |
| + | *''Kitano Tenjin Engi Emaki'' ([[Kitano Tenmangu|Kitano Tenmangû]], Kyoto) |
| + | *[[Shokoku-ji|Shôkoku-ji]], Kyoto: |
| + | **"Colorful Realm of Living Beings," [[Ito Jakuchu|Itô Jakuchû]], set of 32 hanging scrolls |
| + | *[[Tawaraya Sotatsu|Tawaraya Sôtatsu]] - Fûjin/Raijin screens ([[Kennin-ji]], Kyoto) |
| *[[Tokyo National Museum]]: | | *[[Tokyo National Museum]]: |
| + | **Imaginary Tour through [[Eight Views of Xiao and Xiang|Xiaoxiang]], Southern Song Dynasty (12th c.) |
| + | **"Pine Grove" by [[Hasegawa Tohaku|Hasegawa Tôhaku]], c. 1590s |
| **Sixteen Arhats set of hanging scrolls, 11th century | | **Sixteen Arhats set of hanging scrolls, 11th century |
| + | **[[Yintuoluo]] - hanging scroll of [[Hanshan]] and [[Shide]]<ref name=lacma>Exhibition checklist, "[http://www.lacma.org/sites/default/files/CPJC%20ROTATIONS%201%20AND%202_online.pdf Chinese Paintings from Japanese Collections]," LACMA, May 10 2014.</ref> |
| + | *[[Yosa Buson]] - ''Yashoku rôdai zu'' ("Snow Falling on Ten Thousand Homes", private collection)<ref name=aka2009/> |
| + | *''Yamagoe [[Amida]] zu'' (painting of Amida crossing the mountains, [[Zenrin-ji]], Kyoto) |
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| ===Sculptures=== | | ===Sculptures=== |
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| **Tentôki and Ryûtôki lantern-bearers | | **Tentôki and Ryûtôki lantern-bearers |
| *[[Kamakura Daibutsu]] ([[Koto-in|Kôtô-in]], [[Kamakura]]) - constructed 1252 | | *[[Kamakura Daibutsu]] ([[Koto-in|Kôtô-in]], [[Kamakura]]) - constructed 1252 |
− | *Kôryû-ji (Kyoto) - 7th century Miroku statue in Korean style (possibly made in Korea) - first object to be designated a National Treasure | + | *Kôryû-ji (Kyoto) - 7th century Buddhist sculpture in Korean style (possibly made in Korea); wood, 92 cm tall - first object to be designated a National Treasure |
| + | *[[Sanjusangendo|Sanjûsangendô]] (Kyoto): |
| + | **1001 statues of [[Kannon]] |
| + | **Large central statue of Senju Kannon, by the sculptor [[Tankei]] |
| + | **Statues of [[Fujin|Fûjin]] and [[Raijin]] |
| + | **Statues of 28 attendants |
| *[[Todai-ji|Tôdai-ji]] (Nara): | | *[[Todai-ji|Tôdai-ji]] (Nara): |
| **[[Bonten]] and [[Taishakuten]], dry lacquer, 8th c. | | **[[Bonten]] and [[Taishakuten]], dry lacquer, 8th c. |
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| [[File:Itsukushima.jpg|right|thumb|320px|The view from within [[Itsukushima Shrine]]]] | | [[File:Itsukushima.jpg|right|thumb|320px|The view from within [[Itsukushima Shrine]]]] |
| *[[Itsukushima Shrine]] ([[Miyajima]], [[Hiroshima prefecture]]) ''honden'', ''haiden'', ''heiden'', ''haraedono'', ''marôdo jinja'' | | *[[Itsukushima Shrine]] ([[Miyajima]], [[Hiroshima prefecture]]) ''honden'', ''haiden'', ''heiden'', ''haraedono'', ''marôdo jinja'' |
| + | *[[Izumo Taisha]] (Shimane pref.) - Main Hall |
| *[[Kitano Tenmangu|Kitano Tenmangû]] (Kyoto) - ''haiden'' and ''honden'', built [[1607]] | | *[[Kitano Tenmangu|Kitano Tenmangû]] (Kyoto) - ''haiden'' and ''honden'', built [[1607]] |
| *[[Nikko Toshogu|Nikkô Tôshôgû]] ([[Nikko|Nikkô]], [[Tochigi prefecture]]) ''[[karamon]]'' | | *[[Nikko Toshogu|Nikkô Tôshôgû]] ([[Nikko|Nikkô]], [[Tochigi prefecture]]) ''[[karamon]]'' |
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| **''Karamon'' gate - possibly from [[Jurakudai]] | | **''Karamon'' gate - possibly from [[Jurakudai]] |
| *[[Engaku-ji]] (Kamakura): ''Shariden'' - the oldest example in Japan of multi-storied, three-bayed, ''[[irimoya]]'' Chinese-style architecture | | *[[Engaku-ji]] (Kamakura): ''Shariden'' - the oldest example in Japan of multi-storied, three-bayed, ''[[irimoya]]'' Chinese-style architecture |
| + | *[[Gango-ji|Gangô-ji]] (Nara): Zen-dô |
| *[[Ginkaku-ji]] (Kyoto): Silver Pavilion ([[1489]]) and Tôgûdô (1486) | | *[[Ginkaku-ji]] (Kyoto): Silver Pavilion ([[1489]]) and Tôgûdô (1486) |
| *[[Hannya-ji]] (Nara): stone pagoda (13th c.) | | *[[Hannya-ji]] (Nara): stone pagoda (13th c.) |
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| **Tôin ''Denpôdô'' | | **Tôin ''Denpôdô'' |
| **West Octagonal Hall (''saiendô'') | | **West Octagonal Hall (''saiendô'') |
− | **Yumedono | + | **[[Yumedono]] |
| *[[Kiyomizu-dera]] (Kyoto) Main Hall | | *[[Kiyomizu-dera]] (Kyoto) Main Hall |
− | *[[Myotsu-ji|Myôtsû-ji]] ([[Obama]], [[Fukui prefecture]]) - ''hondô'' and three-story pagoda
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| *Kôfuku-ji (Nara): | | *Kôfuku-ji (Nara): |
| **Three-storied pagoda | | **Three-storied pagoda |
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| **Eastern Golden Hall | | **Eastern Golden Hall |
| **Northern Octagonal Hall | | **Northern Octagonal Hall |
| + | *[[Myoo-in|Myôô-in]] ([[Fukuyama]], [[Hiroshima prefecture]]) - main hall (''hondô'') and pagoda |
| + | *[[Myotsu-ji|Myôtsû-ji]] ([[Obama]], [[Fukui prefecture]]) - ''hondô'' and three-story pagoda |
| *[[Nanzen-ji]] - Large and Small ''hôjô'' | | *[[Nanzen-ji]] - Large and Small ''hôjô'' |
| + | *[[Negoro-dera]] - ''[[Tahoto|Tahôtô]]'' |
| + | *[[Ninna-ji]] - Main Hall (''kondô'') |
| *[[Nishi Honganji]] ''karamon'' gate | | *[[Nishi Honganji]] ''karamon'' gate |
| *[[Sanjusangendo|Sanjûsangendô]] main hall | | *[[Sanjusangendo|Sanjûsangendô]] main hall |
− | *Tōdai-ji (Nara): | + | *Tôdai-ji (Nara): |
| **Bell tower | | **Bell tower |
| **Daibutsuden - largest wooden building in the world | | **Daibutsuden - largest wooden building in the world |
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| **Sutra House | | **Sutra House |
| **Tegaimon gate | | **Tegaimon gate |
| + | *[[Tofuku-ji|Tôfuku-ji]] (Kyoto) - main gate |
| *[[To-ji|Tô-ji]] (Kyoto) pagoda - tallest wooden pagoda in Japan | | *[[To-ji|Tô-ji]] (Kyoto) pagoda - tallest wooden pagoda in Japan |
| + | *[[Zuigan-ji]] ([[Matushima]], [[Miyagi prefecture]]) - Main Hall and ''Kuri'' |
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| ===Temple Bells=== | | ===Temple Bells=== |
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| ===Textiles & Garments=== | | ===Textiles & Garments=== |
− | *Several ''[[bingata]]'' garments previously owned by the [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryukyuan]] royal family, Naha City Museum of History | + | *Numerous [[Noh]] masks and robes, held by various institutions.<ref>[[Albert M. Craig]], ''The Heritage of Japanese Civilization'', Second Edition, Prentice Hall (2011), 57.</ref> |
| *[[Ryukyu investiture crown]], Naha City Museum of History | | *[[Ryukyu investiture crown]], Naha City Museum of History |
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| ===Other=== | | ===Other=== |
| + | *[[Eisei Bunko]] (Tokyo): |
| + | **''Shigure raden kura'' - Kamakura period lacquerware saddle decorated with mother-of-pearl inlay |
| *Engaku-ji (Kamakura) - Buddhist relics | | *Engaku-ji (Kamakura) - Buddhist relics |
− | *Nikkô Tôshôgû: | + | *Naha City Museum of History: |
− | **Black lacquered ''uchigatana'' mounting commissioned by [[Tokugawa Ieyasu[[ for a ''tachi'' blade by Sukezane. | + | **"[[Ryukyu Royal Sho Family Documents|Ryûkyû Royal Shô Family Documents]]" (''Ryûkyû kokuô Shô-ke kankei shiryô'') - includes 1,207 historical documents and 85 art treasures associated with the former [[Ryukyu Kingdom|Ryukyuan]] [[Sho Dynasty|royal family]]. The art treasures include numerous ''[[bingata]]'', ''[[kasuri]]'', and other garments, as well as works of [[Ryukyuan lacquerware]], [[Ryukyuan pottery|pottery]], and metalwork, along with three swords (incl. [[Chiyoganemaru]]) and the sole surviving [[Ryukyu investiture crown]].<ref>You can see all the objects on the museum's [http://www.rekishi-archive.city.naha.okinawa.jp/archives/item1 Digital Museum page].</ref> |
− | *Tokyo National Museum:
| + | *Zenrin-ji - gilt bronze lotus-shaped gong, [[Tang Dynasty]] |
− | **Gilt bronze slippers from [[Eta Funayama kofun]], [[Kumamoto prefecture]], 5-6th century
| |
− | **Ritual objects from consecration of Kôfuku-ji, Nara, 8th century, discovered [[1874]] | |
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| ===Destroyed Former National Treasures=== | | ===Destroyed Former National Treasures=== |
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| *[[Naminoue Shrine]] temple bell - cast [[956]], named National Treasure [[1907]]; destroyed 1945. | | *[[Naminoue Shrine]] temple bell - cast [[956]], named National Treasure [[1907]]; destroyed 1945. |
| *[[Oki Shrine]] - named a National Treasure in 1935; destroyed 1945. | | *[[Oki Shrine]] - named a National Treasure in 1935; destroyed 1945. |
| + | *Shureimon at Shuri castle - named a National Treasure in 1933; destroyed 1945. |
| *[[Shuri castle]] - named a National Treasure c. 1925; destroyed 1945. | | *[[Shuri castle]] - named a National Treasure c. 1925; destroyed 1945. |
| *[[Sogen-ji|Sôgen-ji]] - named a National Treasure in 1933; destroyed 1945. | | *[[Sogen-ji|Sôgen-ji]] - named a National Treasure in 1933; destroyed 1945. |
− | | + | *Main hall of [[Sueyoshi Shrine]] - named a National Treasure in 1936; destroyed 1945. |
| {{stub}} | | {{stub}} |
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| [[Category:Meiji Period]] | | [[Category:Meiji Period]] |
| [[Category:Art and Architecture]] | | [[Category:Art and Architecture]] |
| + | [[Category:Resource Articles]] |