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The Southern Song Dynasty, based at [[Hangzhou]] (then called Lin'an), ruled the southern half of China following the loss of northern China to invasion by the [[Jurchens]] in [[1127]]. The period was one of many notable artistic and cultural developments; much poetry and painting of the period centered on themes of loss and of desire to reconquer the north.
The Southern Song Dynasty, based at [[Hangzhou]] (then called Lin'an), ruled the southern half of China following the loss of northern China to invasion by the [[Jurchens]] in [[1127]]. The period was one of many notable artistic and cultural developments; much poetry and painting of the period centered on themes of loss and of desire to reconquer the north.
==Economics==
==Demographics & Economics==
Following the fall of [[Kaifeng]] (the capital of the [[Northern Song Dynasty]]) to the Jurchens, hundreds of thousands of people, including 20,000 high officials, tens of thousands of lower-ranking members of official staffs, and over 400,000 members of the military and their families, fled south and resettled in the new Imperial capital of Lin'an.
By the 13th century, the Song dynasty's governmental fiscal administration was operated chiefly with paper money, which was used extensively in private exchanges as well, alongside metal cash. Much Chinese coin made its way to Japan, where, by 1300, imported Chinese coins were the chief mode of currency.<ref>Bonnie Smith, et al. ''Crossroads and Cultures'', vol. B, Bedford St. Martins (2012), 387-388.</ref>
By the 13th century, the Song dynasty's governmental fiscal administration was operated chiefly with paper money, which was used extensively in private exchanges as well, alongside metal cash. Much Chinese coin made its way to Japan, where, by 1300, imported Chinese coins were the chief mode of currency.<ref>Bonnie Smith, et al. ''Crossroads and Cultures'', vol. B, Bedford St. Martins (2012), 387-388.</ref>