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Styles of short lyric songs accompanied on shamisen, popular in the licensed quarters, included kouta, hauta, utazawa, dodoitsu, and zokkyoku. Kouta remains a prominent element of the geisha musical repertoire.
 
Styles of short lyric songs accompanied on shamisen, popular in the licensed quarters, included kouta, hauta, utazawa, dodoitsu, and zokkyoku. Kouta remains a prominent element of the geisha musical repertoire.
 
Kouta, which formed the basis of kabuki music before the advent of nagauta, along with hauta, were later incorporated into nagauta, joruri, folk, and popular music. - *McQueen Tokita, Alison. "Music in kabuki: more than meets the eye." ''The Ashgate Research Companion to Japanese Music''. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, 2008. p248.
 
Kouta, which formed the basis of kabuki music before the advent of nagauta, along with hauta, were later incorporated into nagauta, joruri, folk, and popular music. - *McQueen Tokita, Alison. "Music in kabuki: more than meets the eye." ''The Ashgate Research Companion to Japanese Music''. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, 2008. p248.
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Meiji education: by 1890, there were 28,000 timber-floored schools in Japan with sash windows and hinged doors. -William Coaldrake. Architecture and Authority in Japan. p210.
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