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*[[Treaty of Shimoda]] - The shogunate and [[Russia]] complete the first of a number of agreements seeking to define geographical borders between the two countries' territories. The shogunate assumes direct administration of [[Ezo]] in order to more solidly claim the territory and repel Russian incursions. The [[Kuril Islands]] are officially given to Russia, but the status of [[Sakhalin]] is left undecided. This represents the first establishment of "modern" political borders for Japan.
*[[Treaty of Shimoda]] - The shogunate and [[Russia]] complete the first of a number of agreements seeking to define geographical borders between the two countries' territories. The shogunate assumes direct administration of [[Ezo]] in order to more solidly claim the territory and repel Russian incursions. The [[Kuril Islands]] are officially given to Russia, but the status of [[Sakhalin]] is left undecided. This represents the first establishment of "modern" political borders for Japan.
*''[[Bansho Shirabesho|Yôgakusho]]'' (Bureau of Western Studies) is founded by the shogunate.
*''[[Bansho Shirabesho|Yôgakusho]]'' (Bureau of Western Studies) is founded by the shogunate.
*[[Bernard Bettelheim]] publishes his translation of the Gospel of Luke into [[Okinawan language|Okinawan]].
===Births and Deaths===
===Births and Deaths===