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*1859/5 Rutherford Alcock takes up his post as the first British diplomatic representative in Japan.
*1859/5 Rutherford Alcock takes up his post as the first British diplomatic representative in Japan.
*1859/6 [[Yokohama]], [[Nagasaki]], and [[Hakodate]] are opened as [[treaty ports]].
*1859/6 [[Yokohama]], [[Nagasaki]], and [[Hakodate]] are opened as [[treaty ports]].
*1859/6/7 [[Treaty of Amity (Ryukyu-Holland)|Treaty of Amity]] is signed between the Netherlands and the [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Kingdom of Ryûkyû]].
*1859/7/6 [[Philipp von Siebold]] returns to Japan.
*1859/7/6 [[Philipp von Siebold]] returns to Japan.
*1859 October James Hepburn arrives in Japan and settles in [[Kanagawa]].
*1859 October James Hepburn arrives in Japan and settles in [[Kanagawa]].
*The ''honmaru'' of [[Edo castle]] is destroyed by fire. [[Kano Hogai|Kanô Hôgai]] is among those commissioned to produce new paintings for the restored structure.
*The ''honmaru'' of [[Edo castle]] is destroyed by fire. [[Kano Hogai|Kanô Hôgai]] is among those commissioned to produce new paintings for the restored structure.
*[[Manabe Akikatsu]] resigns his post as ''[[roju|rôjû]]'' for a second time and goes into retirement.
*[[Manabe Akikatsu]] resigns his post as ''[[roju|rôjû]]'' for a second time and goes into retirement.
===Births and Deaths===
===Births and Deaths===