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| ==Timeline of 1872== | | ==Timeline of 1872== |
− | *1872/10/14 Representatives of the [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Kingdom of Ryûkyû]], led by [[Giwan Choho|Giwan Chôho]], are informed in [[Tokyo]] of the annexation by Japan of the kingdom as [[Ryukyu han|Ryûkyû han]]. The envoys return to [[Okinawa]] and inform King [[Sho Tai|Shô Tai]] of this development. | + | *Meiji 4/12 (January 1872) [[Narahara Shigeru]] and [[Ijichi Sadaka]] lead an Imperial mission to [[Shuri]], to discuss various matters relating to [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Ryukyuan]] obligations to [[Satsuma han]], and policies Tokyo wishes to implement in the [[Ryukyu Islands|Ryukyus]]. |
| + | *1872/1 Ijichi Sadaka meets with the Ryukyuan regent to discuss administrative policy in the islands, under the new [[Meiji government]]. |
| + | *1872/3/10 The [[Tokyo National Museum]] opens. |
| + | *1872/4 Order Number 133, issued by the [[Ministry of State]], abolishes public laws against the breach by clergy of their Buddhist vows. |
| + | *1872/4/24 Deputy [[Finance Minister]] [[Inoue Kaoru]] suggests ending [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Ryûkyû's]] [[tribute|tributary relations]] with China and incorporating Ryûkyû into Japan. The [[Minister of the Left]] opposes this suggestion, arguing that Ryûkyû should remain subordinate and not be made a ''[[han]]'' or otherwise counted as ''naichi'', and further that since the Ryukyuans are ethnically not Japanese, the Ryukyuan king and royal family should not be made ''[[kazoku]]'' (Japanese aristocracy). |
| + | *1872/5 The first railroad stations and lines are opened, connecting [[Yokohama]] (today, [[Sakuragicho Station|Sakuragichô Station]]) with [[Shinagawa Station|Shinagawa]]. |
| + | *1872/5 Officials from Tokyo meet with Ryukyuan officials to discuss economic matters, including the end of the minting of Okinawan coinage (which had been minted in Satsuma up until that point). |
| + | *1872/c. 6 The [[Meiji Emperor]] begins an Imperial tour of the provinces in [[Kagoshima prefecture|Kagoshima]], visiting [[Tsurumaru castle]] and the [[Shokoshuseikan|Shûseikan]] factory complex, among other sites. |
| + | *1872/7/12 The Meiji government requests, via the authorities in Kagoshima prefecture, that the Ryûkyû Kingdom is ordered to send messengers to officially congratulate the Meiji Emperor on the success of the [[Meiji Restoration]]. |
| + | *1872/7/16 Prince [[Ie Chochoku|Ie Chôchoku]] and [[Giwan Choho|Giwan Chôho]] are nominated to lead a mission of thirty-five Ryukyuan officials to [[Tokyo]]. |
| + | *1872/7/25 The Ryukyuan mission departs Ryûkyû. |
| + | *1872/9/2 Prince Ie and Giwan Chôho arrive at [[Shinagawa]]. |
| + | *1872/9/7 [[Telegraph]] lines connecting Tokyo and Kyoto are completed. |
| + | *1872/9/9 The railroad connecting Yokohama to Shinagawa is extended to [[Shinbashi]] ([[Shiodome]]). Opening ceremonies are delayed on account of rain. |
| + | *1872/9/12 The Meiji Emperor presides over opening ceremonies for the new Shinbashi train station, and for the railroad linking Shinbashi with Shinagawa and Yokohama. |
| + | *1872/9/14 Prince Ie and Giwan Chôho ''[[ueekata]]'' meet with Emperor Meiji. They are informed of the annexation by Japan of the kingdom as [[Ryukyu han|Ryûkyû han]], and the "promotion" of King [[Sho Tai|Shô Tai]] to "Lord of Ryûkyû han" and a member of the [[kazoku|peerage]]. The envoys return to [[Okinawa]] and inform King Shô Tai of this development. |
| + | *1872/9/18 (Oct 20) [[Charles DeLong]], US Diplomatic Minister resident in Japan, writes to [[Foreign Minister]] [[Soejima Taneomi]], asking if the Japanese government was going to honor provisions agreed to in treaties between the Ryûkyû Kingdom and foreign powers. |
| + | *1872/9/23-27 Soejima Taneomi meets with Charles DeLong and [[Charles LeGendre]] (legal and policy advisor to the Meiji government), and is advised that since the Chinese do not exert effective (''de facto'') control over certain sections of [[Taiwan]] - those dominated by aborigines - the territory is essentially ''terra nullius'', and if Japan were to occupy the territory, under Western/modern international law, it could be rightfully Japan's. |
| + | *1872/9 The Kingdom of Ryûkyû is released from its vassal status under Kagoshima prefecture (formerly [[Satsuma han]]), and comes under the jurisdiction of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs]]. The ''[[zaiban bugyo|zaiban bugyôsho]]'' (Satsuma's office in Ryûkyû) is abolished, and replaced by an office of the Foreign Ministry, albeit with many of the same Satsuma/Kagoshima staff. |
| + | *1872/9/28 A [[Dajokan|Dajôkan]] Proclamation has the official copies of Ryûkyû's formal treaties with [[Treaty of Amity (Ryukyu-US)|the US]], [[Treaty of Amity (Ryukyu-France)|France]], and [[Treaty of Amity (Ryukyu-Holland)|the Netherlands]] confiscated by Tokyo. |
| + | *1872/12/2 The last day of the use of the [[Japanese calendar|lunar calendar]]. |
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| ==Other Events of 1872== | | ==Other Events of 1872== |
| + | *A school is established in Tokyo for the assimilation/education of the [[Ainu]]. |
| + | *The [[Asiatic Society of Japan]], a scholarly association of Western scholars, is established in [[Yokohama]]. |
| + | *The word ''bijutsu'' ("art") is coined, in connection with the [[1873 Vienna Exposition]] the following year. |
| + | *The [[:Image:Meiji-official-portrait.jpg|first official photo portraits]] of Emperor Meiji are taken by [[Uchida Kuichi]] (72 shots in the first session). |
| *[[Fukuchiyama castle]] is destroyed. | | *[[Fukuchiyama castle]] is destroyed. |
| + | *[[Geisha]] spectacles including [[Miyako odori]] and [[Kamogawa odori]] are first performed. |
| + | *The [[Hokkaido Land Regulation Ordinance]] incorporates [[Hokkaido]], formerly known as [[Ezo]], more fully into Japanese territory. |
| *[[Karatsu castle]] is destroyed. | | *[[Karatsu castle]] is destroyed. |
− | *Yanagiwara Sakimitsu, a Japanese official in Shanghai, reports back to Japan about the [[Taiwan Incident of 1871]], in which 54 Ryuykuans were killed by Taiwanese aborigines.
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− | *The Kingdom of Ryûkyû is released from its vassal status under [[Kagoshima prefecture]] (formerly [[Satsuma han]]), and comes under the jurisdiction of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], and then under the [[Ministry of the Interior]].
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| *[[Koki|Kôki]] calendar system, counting years from the mythical ascension of [[Emperor Jimmu]] in 660 BCE, is established. | | *[[Koki|Kôki]] calendar system, counting years from the mythical ascension of [[Emperor Jimmu]] in 660 BCE, is established. |
| + | *The ''[[koseki]]'' (family register) system is established. |
| *[[Kururi castle]] is destroyed. | | *[[Kururi castle]] is destroyed. |
− | *[[Maria Luz Incident]] - a Peruvian ship carrying Chinese coolies calls at [[Yokohama]], leading to a diplomatic incident when the coolies declare they are being mistreated and request aid from Japanese authorities. | + | *The [[1872 Kyoto Exposition]] includes the introduction of the ''ryûrei'' style of [[tea ceremony]], conducted seated on chairs at a table. |
| + | *French-born American Charles LeGendre is hired as an advisor by the Japanese government. |
| + | *[[Maria Luz Incident]] - a Peruvian ship carrying Chinese coolies calls at Yokohama, leading to a diplomatic incident when the coolies declare they are being mistreated and request aid from Japanese authorities. |
| *[[Matsudaira Katamori]] ends his self-imposed confinement entered following the [[Boshin War]]. | | *[[Matsudaira Katamori]] ends his self-imposed confinement entered following the [[Boshin War]]. |
− | *[[Morita-za]] [[kabuki]] theater is moved from Saruwaka-chô to Shintomi-chô, and rebuilt as a larger structure. | + | *The [[Morita-za]] [[kabuki]] theater is moved from Saruwaka-chô to Shintomi-chô, and rebuilt as a larger structure. This was the first time a theatre opened or operated outside of Saruwaka-chô since the [[1842]] edict restricting the theatres to that district. |
− | *The [[Prostitute Emancipation Act]] is issued; ''[[burakumin]]'' and certain types of bonded laborers and servants are also granted a certain degree of freedom, liberties, and rights. | + | *The [[Ministry of Education]] organizes an art exhibition at the [[Yushima Seido|Yushima Seidô]] in [[Tokyo]]. This is considered the first Domestic Exposition in Japan. Some 190,000 people attend. |
| + | *[[Education in the Meiji period|Nationwide system of elementary schools]] is established. |
| + | *[[Nishio castle]] is torn down. |
| + | *[[Odawara castle]] is torn down. |
| + | *The government issues the [[Ordinance Relating to Public Morals]] (''Ishiki kaii jorei''), banning the sale or consumption of sexually explicit art. |
| + | *The [[Prostitute Emancipation Act]] (''geishôgi kaihôrei'') is issued; ''[[burakumin]]'' and certain types of bonded laborers and servants are also granted a certain degree of freedom, liberties, and rights. |
| + | *[[Yanagihara Sakimitsu]], a Japanese official in Shanghai, reports back to Japan about the [[Taiwan Incident of 1871]], in which 54 Ryuykuans were killed by [[Taiwanese aborigines]]. |
| + | *Ryukyuan survivors of the Taiwan incident are returned to Ryukyu via [[Fuzhou]]. King [[Sho Tai|Shô Tai]] sends his official thanks to the Chinese emperor and authorities for rescuing and returning his subjects. |
| *[[Saigo Tanomo|Saigô Tanomo]], confined since the end of the [[battle of Hakodate]], is released. | | *[[Saigo Tanomo|Saigô Tanomo]], confined since the end of the [[battle of Hakodate]], is released. |
| *[[Takato castle|Takatô castle]] is destroyed. | | *[[Takato castle|Takatô castle]] is destroyed. |
− | *[[Yamaoka Tesshu|Yamaoka Tesshû]] becomes a chamberlain to [[Emperor Meiji]]. | + | *The [[Tsukiji Hotel]] (completed [[1868]]) is destroyed by fire. |
| + | *Western clothing is made mandatory for government and other official circumstances. |
| + | *Women are banned from having men's short haircuts. |
| + | *[[Yamaoka Tesshu|Yamaoka Tesshû]] becomes a chamberlain to Emperor Meiji. |
| + | *[[Yanagawa castle]] burns down. |
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| ===Births and Deaths=== | | ===Births and Deaths=== |
| + | *[[Mercator Cooper]] dies (b. [[1803]]). |
| + | *[[Higuchi Ichiyo|Higuchi Ichiyô]] is born (d. [[1896]]) |
| *[[Nagaoka Kenkichi]] dies. | | *[[Nagaoka Kenkichi]] dies. |
| + | *[[Shimazaki Toson|Shimazaki Tôson]] is born (d. 1943). |
| *''[[Roshigumi|Rôshigumi]]'' member [[Shimizu Goroichi]] dies. | | *''[[Roshigumi|Rôshigumi]]'' member [[Shimizu Goroichi]] dies. |
| *[[Yamauchi Toyoshige]], lord of [[Tosa han]], dies. | | *[[Yamauchi Toyoshige]], lord of [[Tosa han]], dies. |
| + | *[[Yamanouchi Toyosuke]] dies (b. [[1794]]). |
| + | *[[Zeng Guofan]] dies (b. [[1811]]). |
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