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| * ''Japanese'': 坂本龍馬直柔 ''(Sakamoto Ryôma Naonari)'' | | * ''Japanese'': 坂本龍馬直柔 ''(Sakamoto Ryôma Naonari)'' |
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− | [[Image:Ryoma.jpg|right]] | + | [[Image:Ryoma.jpg|frame|right|Photograph of '''Sakamoto Ryoma''']] |
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| ==Sakamoto Ryôma Timeline== | | ==Sakamoto Ryôma Timeline== |
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| * [[1866]] Successfully brokered the secret military alliance between Satsuma and Choshu that will seal the fate of the [[Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] [[Bakufu]]. | | * [[1866]] Successfully brokered the secret military alliance between Satsuma and Choshu that will seal the fate of the [[Tokugawa clan|Tokugawa]] [[Bakufu]]. |
| ** One night after the conclusion of the Satsuma-Choshu alliance, Ryoma fights his way out of the [[Teradaya]] using a Smith & Wesson revolver during a raid by pro-bakufu police forces. | | ** One night after the conclusion of the Satsuma-Choshu alliance, Ryoma fights his way out of the [[Teradaya]] using a Smith & Wesson revolver during a raid by pro-bakufu police forces. |
| + | ** On the advice of [[Komatsu Tatewaki]] and Saigô Takamori, travels to [[Satsuma province]] with his wife Oryô, to spend time in the [[onsen]] recovering from his wounds. They stay for a time at Komatsu's home, and later visit [[Kirishima]] as well.<ref>Historical plaques at corner of Miami and Izuro-dôri in Kagoshima.</ref> |
| *[[1867]] Received a second pardon from Tosa | | *[[1867]] Received a second pardon from Tosa |
| ** Reorganized the Kameyama-shachu into the Tosa-Kaientai, and is appointed its head. | | ** Reorganized the Kameyama-shachu into the Tosa-Kaientai, and is appointed its head. |
| ** While running guns, the Kaintai vessel lroha is struck by a vessel belonging to Kii. Ryoma files a law suit under the premise that the Kii ship violated the laws of the sea as stipulated under international law. Receives an out-of-court settlement. | | ** While running guns, the Kaintai vessel lroha is struck by a vessel belonging to Kii. Ryoma files a law suit under the premise that the Kii ship violated the laws of the sea as stipulated under international law. Receives an out-of-court settlement. |
| ** Formulated his Eight-Point Program, calling for a new government structure to replace the Tokugawa baku-han system. | | ** Formulated his Eight-Point Program, calling for a new government structure to replace the Tokugawa baku-han system. |
− | ** [[Gotô Shôjirô|Goto Shojiro]], head of the Tosa bureaucracy, passes a written memorial calling for the immediate restoration of imperial rule and a new government based on Ryoma’s Eight-Point Program to the leader of Tosa, [[Yamauchi Yodo|Yamauchi Yôdô]], who passes the document to the bakufu. | + | ** [[Goto Shôjiro|Gotô Shojirô]], head of the Tosa bureaucracy, passes a written memorial calling for the immediate restoration of imperial rule and a new government based on Ryoma’s Eight-Point Program to the leader of Tosa, [[Yamauchi Yodo|Yamauchi Yôdô]], who passes the document to the bakufu. |
| **[[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]], accepts the memorial from Tosa and resigns as Shogun, returning political power to the imperial court. | | **[[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]], accepts the memorial from Tosa and resigns as Shogun, returning political power to the imperial court. |
| **Assassinated with fellow Tosa loyalist, [[Nakaoka Shintaro|Nakaoka Shintarô]] by pro-bakufu forces on December 10 | | **Assassinated with fellow Tosa loyalist, [[Nakaoka Shintaro|Nakaoka Shintarô]] by pro-bakufu forces on December 10 |
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| ==Sakamoto's 8 Point Plan for Imperial Restoration and Governance== | | ==Sakamoto's 8 Point Plan for Imperial Restoration and Governance== |
| + | {{:Eight Point Plan}} |
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− | Although Sakamoto brokered the military alliance between Choshu and Satsuma, he hoped that force would be a last resort. To help try to bring about the Imperial restoration by peaceful means, Sakamoto drafted an eight point plan that he shared with [[Gôto Shôjirô]] who then presented it in a memorial to [[Yamauchi Yôdô]], leader of [[Tosa]] han. Sakamoto’s plan was as follows:
| + | ==Sakamoto Ryoma in Fiction== |
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− | 1. Political power should be restored to the Imperial Court and all decrees should be issued by the Court.
| + | ===Movies=== |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1911 Yokota Shokai |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1914 |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1911 Yoshizawa Shokai |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1921 |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1924 |
| + | * Ryoma Ansatsu (竜馬暗殺) 1927 |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1928 |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1928 |
| + | * Kaien Taicho Sakamoto Ryoma (海援隊長 坂本龍馬) 1931 |
| + | * Kaien Taicho Sakamoto Ryoma Kyoraku-hen(海援隊長 阪本竜馬 京洛篇) 1931 |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1932 |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1936 |
| + | * Bakumatsu (幕末) 1970 (Director:Ito Daisuke) |
| + | * Ryoma Ansatsu (竜馬暗殺) 1974 (Director:Kuroki Kazuo) |
| + | * Bakumatsu Seishun Grafiti Ronin Sakamoto Ryoma (幕末青春グラフィティ Ronin 坂本龍馬) 1986 (Director:Kawai Yoshitaka) |
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− | 2. Both upper and lower legislative houses should be created and government policies should be decided by this legislative body.
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− | 3. “Men of ability” from the former daimyô, nobles and general population should be appointed councilors. Traditional posts of power that existed under the baku-han system should be abolished.
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− | 4. Foreign affairs should be conducted in accordance with regulations agreed upon on the basis of general consensus.
| + | ===Television=== |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1958 NTV |
| + | * Bakumatsu Monogatari Sakamoto Ryoma-hen (幕末物語 坂本龍馬編) 1959 MBS |
| + | * Ryoma ga Yuku (竜馬がゆく) 1965 MBS |
| + | * Ryoma ga Yuku (竜馬がゆく) 6th NHK Taiga Drama 1968 |
| + | * Ryoma ga Yuku (竜馬がゆく) 1982 TX |
| + | * Bakumatsu Seishun Grafiti Sakamoto Ryoma (幕末青春グラフィティ 坂本竜馬) 1982 NTV |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) 1989 TBS |
| + | * Ryoma ni omakase (竜馬におまかせ) 1996 NTV |
| + | * Ryoma ga yuku (竜馬がゆく) 1997 TBS |
| + | * Ryoma ga Yuku (竜馬がゆく) 2004 TX |
| + | * Yukuna! Ryoma (ゆくな!龍馬) 2005 CX |
| + | * Ryôma den (龍馬伝) 2010 NHK Taiga Drama |
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− | 5. Rules and regulations created during Japan’s feudal days should be abolished and a new, modern legal code should be created.
| + | ===Books=== |
− | | + | * Ryoma ga yuku (龍馬がゆく) [[Shiba Ryotaro]] |
− | 6. Naval forces should be enlarged.
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) [[Yamaoka Sohachi]] |
− | | + | * Ryoma no Meiji (龍馬の明治) Nakatsu Fumihiko |
− | 7. An Imperial Guard should be established for the purpose of defending the capital.
| + | * Ryoma (龍馬) Tsumoto Yo |
− | | + | * Toshizo to Ryoma (歳三と龍馬) |
− | 8. The value of goods and silver should be aligned with the going rates in foreign countries.
| + | * Ryoma den (龍馬伝) Tsuka Kohei |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma (坂本龍馬) Kunimitsu Shiro |
| + | * Kawaracho Sanjo Kudaru Ryoma Ansatsu(河原町三条下ル、龍馬暗殺) Hirose Niki |
| + | * Ryoma Zanei (龍馬残影) Tsumoto Yo |
| + | * Ryoma Ansatsu (龍馬暗殺) Saotome Mitsugu |
| + | * Kagemusha Ryoma (影武者龍馬) Kaku Kozo |
| + | * Sakamoto Ryoma no Shogai (坂本龍馬の生涯) Shimaoka Akira |
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| + | ===Kabuki=== |
| + | * Ryôma ga yuku (竜馬がゆく) - adaptation of the Shiba Ryôtarô novel |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| * Hillsborough, Romulus. ''RYOMA- Life of a Renaissance Samurai''. Ridgeback Press, 1999 | | * Hillsborough, Romulus. ''RYOMA- Life of a Renaissance Samurai''. Ridgeback Press, 1999 |
| * Jansen, Marius B. ''Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration''. Columbia University Press, 1994. | | * Jansen, Marius B. ''Sakamoto Ryoma and the Meiji Restoration''. Columbia University Press, 1994. |
− | * The Sakamoto Ryoma Memorial Museum’s Webpage: http://www.kochi-bunkazaidan.or.jp/~ryoma/english1.htm | + | * [http://www.kochi-bunkazaidan.or.jp/~ryoma/english1.htm The Sakamoto Ryoma Memorial Museum’s Webpage] |
| + | <references/> |
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− | [[Category:Bakumatsu]][[Category:Edo Period]] | + | [[Category:Bakumatsu]][[Category:Edo Period]][[Category:Samurai]] |
| {{draft}} | | {{draft}} |
| {{stub}} | | {{stub}} |