Changes

==Revolt==

==Revolt==

When Shang Kexi fell ill in [[1671]], he passed control of his territory to his son, [[Shang Zhixin]]. Geng Jimao died that same year, and his son [[Geng Jingzhong]] took over the management of Fujian. In [[1673]], Shang, Wu, and the younger Geng all inquired with the Qing Court as to the possibility of retiring back to [[Manchuria]]. The [[Kangxi Emperor]] responded in the affirmative, but having thus made clear his desire to abolish and reabsorb the Three Feudatories, the three then rose up in revolt. In December 1673 Wu Sangui moved deeper into Hunan province and declared his independence from the Qing, establishing a new state he called the [[Wu Zhou|Great Zhou]]. Geng Jingzhong declared his independence in [[1674]], consolidating his hold on Fujian and also moving north into [[Zhejiang province]]. Shang Kexi remained loyal to the Qing, but was imprisoned by his son Shang Zhixin, who then declared his independence as well, consolidating his power base in Canton and moving north into [[Jiangxi province]].

When Shang Kexi fell ill in [[1671]], he passed control of his territory to his son, [[Shang Zhixin]]. Geng Jimao died that same year, and his son [[Geng Jingzhong]] took over the management of Fujian. In [[1673]], Shang, Wu, and the younger Geng all inquired with the Qing Court as to the possibility of retiring back to [[Manchuria]]. The [[Kangxi Emperor]] responded in the affirmative, but having thus made clear his desire to abolish and reabsorb the Three Feudatories, the three then rose up in revolt. In December 1673 Wu Sangui moved deeper into Hunan province and declared his independence from the Qing, establishing a new state he called the [[Wu Zhou|Great Zhou]]. Geng Jingzhong declared his independence in [[1674]], consolidating his hold on Fujian and also moving north into [[Zhejiang province]]. With the help of Yang Ying<!--楊英-->, a key retainer to [[Zheng Chenggong]], Geng was able to secure shipments of sulfur from the Japanese.<ref>Schottenhammer, Angela. “Empire and Periphery? The Qing Empire’s Relations with Japan and the Ryūkyūs (1644–c. 1800), a Comparison.” ''The Medieval History Journal'' 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 159.</ref> Shang Kexi remained loyal to the Qing, but was imprisoned by his son Shang Zhixin, who then declared his independence as well, consolidating his power base in Canton and moving north into [[Jiangxi province]].

The people of southern China had only recently settled into accepting Qing rule, and were now asked to reconsider and to turn once again to their loyalty to the Ming. Wu Sangui did not declare himself emperor immediately, but left the position open if a legitimate Ming Imperial prince could be found to restore the dynasty. He also presented to Beijing demands that the Qing retreat from China, establishing their Manchu state in Manchuria and Korea, a suggestion Kangxi of course refused, killing Wu's son who had been held hostage in Beijing as well.

The people of southern China had only recently settled into accepting Qing rule, and were now asked to reconsider and to turn once again to their loyalty to the Ming. Wu Sangui did not declare himself emperor immediately, but left the position open if a legitimate Ming Imperial prince could be found to restore the dynasty. He also presented to Beijing demands that the Qing retreat from China, establishing their Manchu state in Manchuria and Korea, a suggestion Kangxi of course refused, killing Wu's son who had been held hostage in Beijing as well.