Changes

The ''ôhiroma'' contained three platforms of different heights, called ''dan'', allowing the shogun to sit not only at a distance from his formal visitors, but also physically above them. Only the highest-ranking retainers and guests were permitted to sit within the ''ôhiroma'', and then only in certain ''dan'', in accordance with their rank. Wrapping around an inner garden, and thus forming a U-shape with the three ''dan'', were three antechambers, known respectively as the ''ni-'', ''san-'', and ''yon-no-ma''. The ''shiroshoin'' was arranged similarly, though on a smaller scale, with two ''dan'', two audience rooms, and two antechambers.<ref>Mitani, xxv.</ref>

The ''ôhiroma'' contained three platforms of different heights, called ''dan'', allowing the shogun to sit not only at a distance from his formal visitors, but also physically above them. Only the highest-ranking retainers and guests were permitted to sit within the ''ôhiroma'', and then only in certain ''dan'', in accordance with their rank. Wrapping around an inner garden, and thus forming a U-shape with the three ''dan'', were three antechambers, known respectively as the ''ni-'', ''san-'', and ''yon-no-ma''. The ''shiroshoin'' was arranged similarly, though on a smaller scale, with two ''dan'', two audience rooms, and two antechambers.<ref>Mitani, xxv.</ref>

''Daimyô'' and others were divided, by rank, into association with particular waiting rooms.<ref>Gallery label, "[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/11269336136/ Daimyô no kakushiki]," Edo-Tokyo Museum.</ref>

''Daimyô'' and others were divided, by rank, into association with particular waiting rooms.<ref>Gallery label, "[https://www.flickr.com/photos/toranosuke/11269336136/ Daimyô no kakushiki]," Edo-Tokyo Museum.</ref> The shogun's ability to keep even powerful ''daimyô'' waiting, whether in these waiting rooms, or in the audience hall itself, further impressed upon the ''daimyô'' their submission to his power.<ref>Walthall, 342.</ref>

#Ôrôka: Members of the ''gosanke'' and ''gosankyô'', along with a few of the highest-ranking ''daimyô'' (such as the [[Maeda clan]] of [[Kaga han]], [[Shimazu clan]] of [[Satsuma han]], and [[Matsudaira clan (Echizen)|Matsudaira clan]] of [[Matsue han]]) were associated with the ''Ôrôka'', or "great corridor."

#Ôrôka: Members of the ''gosanke'' and ''gosankyô'', along with a few of the highest-ranking ''daimyô'' (such as the [[Maeda clan]] of [[Kaga han]], [[Shimazu clan]] of [[Satsuma han]], and [[Matsudaira clan (Echizen)|Matsudaira clan]] of [[Matsue han]]) were associated with the ''Ôrôka'', or "great corridor."

#Tamari-no-ma: Collateral houses of the Tokugawa, typically known as ''shinpan'' or ''kamon'', including the various [[Matsudaira clan]] branch families of [[Aizu han]], [[Kuwana han]], and [[Takamatsu han]], sat with the [[Ii clan]] of [[Hikone han]] and up to six other ''fudai daimyô'' and ''rôjû'' in the ''tamari no ma'', adjacent to the ceremonial chambers, and closest of all the ''daimyô'' waiting rooms to the shogunal residence.

#Tamari-no-ma: Collateral houses of the Tokugawa, typically known as ''shinpan'' or ''kamon'', including the various [[Matsudaira clan]] branch families of [[Aizu han]], [[Kuwana han]], and [[Takamatsu han]], sat with the [[Ii clan]] of [[Hikone han]] and up to six other ''fudai daimyô'' and ''rôjû'' in the ''tamari no ma'', adjacent to the ceremonial chambers, and closest of all the ''daimyô'' waiting rooms to the shogunal residence.

#Kiku no ma: ''Fudai daimyô'' not of castle-holding rank were seated in the "chrysanthemum room," or ''kari-no-ma'', a room located between the ''kari-no-ma'' and the ''shiroshoin''. These included the [[Ooka clan|Ôoka]] of [[Nishi-Ohira han|Nishi-Ôhira]], the [[Oseki clan|Ôseki]] of [[Kurobane han]], the [[Yamaguchi clan]] of [[Ushihisa han]], and the [[Tanuma clan]] of [[Sagara han]].

#Kiku no ma: ''Fudai daimyô'' not of castle-holding rank were seated in the "chrysanthemum room," or ''kari-no-ma'', a room located between the ''kari-no-ma'' and the ''shiroshoin''. These included the [[Ooka clan|Ôoka]] of [[Nishi-Ohira han|Nishi-Ôhira]], the [[Oseki clan|Ôseki]] of [[Kurobane han]], the [[Yamaguchi clan]] of [[Ushihisa han]], and the [[Tanuma clan]] of [[Sagara han]].

On special occasions, ''daimyô'' and others would be seated in and around the audience hall in accordance with their rankings by waiting room. To give an example, at the accession ceremony for Shogun [[Tokugawa Ietsugu]], held on [[1713]]/4/2, ''[[sobayonin|sobayônin]]'' [[Manabe Akifusa]] sat behind him in the upper ''dan'' of the ''ôhiroma'', along with a number of maids, and on the western side of the room, the [[Konoe family]] former regent and [[Kujo family|Kujô family]] General of the Left. Envoys from the Imperial court, from the Retired Emperor, and from the empress, sat on the western side of the middle ''dan'', and the ''[[Tairo|Tairô]]'' & ''[[kamon-no-kami]]'' (head of cleaning), a member of the [[Ii clan]], sat on the east side of the middle ''dan''. Four ''rôjû'' sat on the east side of the lower ''dan''. Members of the ''gosanke'', along with the ''wakadoshiyori'', sat in the veranda or corridor (''engawa'') on the west side of the middle ''dan'', while ''daimyô'' of the ''tamari-no-ma'' and ''[[koke|kôke]]'' (protocol chiefs) sat on the veranda to the west of the lower ''dan''. ''Kunimochi daimyô'' sat in the ''ni-no-ma''. Other ''daimyô'' sat in the ''san-no-ma'', and other officials in the ''yon-no-ma''.<ref>Fukai, 26-27.</ref>

On special occasions, ''daimyô'' and others would be seated in and around the audience hall in accordance with their rankings by waiting room. To give an example, at the accession ceremony for Shogun [[Tokugawa Ietsugu]], held on [[1713]]/4/2, ''[[sobayonin|sobayônin]]'' [[Manabe Akifusa]] sat behind him in the upper ''dan'' of the ''ôhiroma'', along with a number of maids, and on the western side of the room, the [[Konoe family]] former regent and [[Kujo family|Kujô family]] General of the Left. Envoys from the Imperial court, from the Retired Emperor, and from the empress, sat on the western side of the middle ''dan'', and the ''[[Tairo|Tairô]]'' & ''[[kamon-no-kami]]'' (head of cleaning), a member of the [[Ii clan]], sat on the east side of the middle ''dan''. Four ''rôjû'' sat on the east side of the lower ''dan''. Members of the ''gosanke'', along with the ''wakadoshiyori'', sat in the veranda or corridor (''engawa'') on the west side of the middle ''dan'', while ''daimyô'' of the ''tamari-no-ma'' and ''[[koke|kôke]]'' (protocol chiefs) sat on the veranda to the west of the lower ''dan''. ''Kunimochi daimyô'' sat in the ''ni-no-ma''. Other ''daimyô'' sat in the ''san-no-ma'', and other officials in the ''yon-no-ma''.<ref>Fukai, 26-27.</ref> This not only put the relative statuses of each of the ''daimyô'' on display for the shogun, but also for one another, such that each retainer not only witnessed the relative positions of those around him, but would have also felt his own position, keenly.<ref>Walthall, 336.</ref>

On occasions such as New Year's, members of the ''gosanke'', ''[[gosankyo|gosankyô]]'', and other shogunal relatives, along with others of the 4th rank and above, waited in various rooms of the castle and met with the shogun in the ''shiroshoin'' one at a time, to offer their New Year's greetings. Following these individual audiences, the shogun would move to the lower ''dan'' (''gedan'') of the ''ôhiroma'', and stand there as ''fusuma'' (sliding doors) were opened, allowing those of rank five and below, gathered in the ''ni-no-ma'', to be seen by the shogun; all those assembled then bowed low, performing their greetings to the shogun all at once.<ref name=fukai22/>

On occasions such as New Year's, members of the ''gosanke'', ''[[gosankyo|gosankyô]]'', and other shogunal relatives, along with others of the 4th rank and above, waited in various rooms of the castle and met with the shogun in the ''shiroshoin'' one at a time, to offer their New Year's greetings. Following these individual audiences, the shogun would move to the lower ''dan'' (''gedan'') of the ''ôhiroma'', and stand there as ''fusuma'' (sliding doors) were opened, allowing those of rank five and below, gathered in the ''ni-no-ma'', to be seen by the shogun; all those assembled then bowed low, performing their greetings to the shogun all at once.<ref name=fukai22/>