Changes

==Edo Period==

==Edo Period==

The Yamauchi were not traditionally from Shikoku, but were transferred to Tosa by [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] in return for their loyal service, including in the [[Battle of Sekigahara]]. The Yamauchi takeover of the territory was somewhat violent, involving the forcible pacification of armed resistance by those loyal to the [[Chosokabe clan|Chôsokabe]]. As a result, throughout the Edo period, even as late as the [[Bakumatsu]], many spoke of the Yamauchi as outsiders and invaders, and those who resisted or resented Yamauchi rule often claimed associations with the Chôsokabe.<ref name=merc36>Roberts, 33-36.</ref>

The Yamauchi were not traditionally from Shikoku, but were transferred to Tosa by [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] in return for their loyal service, including in the [[Battle of Sekigahara]]. The Yamauchi takeover of the territory was somewhat violent, involving the forcible pacification of armed resistance by those loyal to the [[Chosokabe clan|Chôsokabe]]. As a result, throughout the Edo period, even as late as the [[Bakumatsu]], many spoke of the Yamauchi as outsiders and invaders, and those who resisted or resented Yamauchi rule often claimed associations with the Chôsokabe.<ref name=merc36>Roberts, ''Mercantilism'', 33-36.</ref>

The domain's governance and laws were based, in part, however, on the "[[100 Article Code of the Chosokabe|100 Article Code of the Chôsokabe]]," written by the Chôsokabe clan who ruled Tosa prior to the Yamauchi. Their ''kokudaka'' was based on land surveys performed by the Chôsokabe as well. Though Chôsokabe records indicate that land surveys performed in the 1590s discussed 248,3000 ''[[Japanese Measurements|tan]]'' of land, an area that could produce far more than the 98,000 ''koku'' ''[[kokudaka|omotedaka]]'' recognized by [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], in [[1604]], Yamauchi officials recalculated, based on the Chôsokabe reports, without actually performing a new land survey, and submitted to the Tokugawa a reported ''kokudaka'' of 202,626 ''koku''. Only around 64% of this figure reflected rice cultivation, while the remaining portion was an estimated conversion into rice of the level of cultivation of other products, such as millet, wheat, and beans.<ref name=merc36/> What rice was produced was taxed heavily, as was typical throughout much of the archipelago at the time; tax rates as high as 60% were typical. Incentives were kept in place, however, to encourage the bringing of new land under cultivation; those who did this had to pay only 40% in taxes, and receiving exemptions from corvée labor obligations.<ref>Roberts, ''Mercantilism'', 50.</ref>

The domain's governance and laws were based, in part, however, on the "[[100 Article Code of the Chosokabe|100 Article Code of the Chôsokabe]]," written by the Chôsokabe clan who ruled Tosa prior to the Yamauchi. Their ''kokudaka'' was based on land surveys performed by the Chôsokabe as well. Though Chôsokabe records indicate that land surveys performed in the 1590s discussed 248,3000 ''[[Japanese Measurements|tan]]'' of land, an area that could produce far more than the 98,000 ''koku'' ''[[kokudaka|omotedaka]]'' recognized by [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], in [[1604]], Yamauchi officials recalculated, based on the Chôsokabe reports, without actually performing a new land survey, and submitted to the Tokugawa a reported ''kokudaka'' of 202,626 ''koku''. Only around 64% of this figure reflected rice cultivation, while the remaining portion was an estimated conversion into rice of the level of cultivation of other products, such as millet, wheat, and beans.<ref name=merc36/> What rice was produced was taxed heavily, as was typical throughout much of the archipelago at the time; tax rates as high as 60% were typical. Incentives were kept in place, however, to encourage the bringing of new land under cultivation; those who did this had to pay only 40% in taxes, and receiving exemptions from corvée labor obligations.<ref>Roberts, ''Mercantilism'', 50.</ref>