Changes

NOTES for later articles:

NOTES for later articles:

*Though the term ''chôtei'' is used quite standardly today to refer to the Imperial Court, the terms used in the Edo period were, much more commonly, ''kinri'' 禁裏 and ''kinchû'' 禁中. - Watanabe Hiroshi, Luke Roberts (trans.), "About Some Japanese Historical Terms," Sino-Japanese Studies 10:2 (1998), 38-39.

*Though the term ''chôtei'' is used quite standardly today to refer to the [[Imperial Court]], the terms used in the Edo period were, much more commonly, ''kinri'' 禁裏 and ''kinchû'' 禁中. - Watanabe Hiroshi, Luke Roberts (trans.), "About Some Japanese Historical Terms," Sino-Japanese Studies 10:2 (1998), 38-39.

*In Meiji, as part of trying to make Japan look as civilized as Europe, European titles are adopted - [[Lord of the Privy Seal]] is basically just the position of [[naidaijin]], reinvented. - Ben Ami Shillony, "Restoration, Emperor, Diet, Prefecture, or: How Japanese Concepts were Mistranslated into Western Languages," Collected Writings of Ben-Ami Shillony, 67.

*In Meiji, as part of trying to make Japan look as civilized as Europe, European titles are adopted - [[Lord of the Privy Seal]] is basically just the position of [[naidaijin]], reinvented. - Ben Ami Shillony, "Restoration, Emperor, Diet, Prefecture, or: How Japanese Concepts were Mistranslated into Western Languages," Collected Writings of Ben-Ami Shillony, 67.

*The population of 19th c. China was around 400-450 million. - Benjamin Elman, ''A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China'', University of California Press (2000), 130.

*The [[Waegwan]] at Pusan had a kiln from 1639-1717 - Freer Gallery gallery labels

*The Waegwan at Pusan had a kiln from 1639-1717 - Freer Gallery gallery labels

*The number of county seats in the [[Chinese bureaucracy]] remained relatively stable over the centuries, as county boundaries were regularly redrawn to accommodate the growing population. They numbered 1180 in the Han, 1235 in Tang, 1230 in Song, 1115 in Yuan, 1385 in Ming, and 1360 in Qing. - Benjamin Elman, ''A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China'', University of California Press (2000), 130.

*The number of county seats in the Chinese bureaucracy remained relatively stable over the centuries, as county boundaries were regularly redrawn to accommodate the growing population. They numbered 1180 in the Han, 1235 in Tang, 1230 in Song, 1115 in Yuan, 1385 in Ming, and 1360 in Qing. - Benjamin Elman, ''A Cultural History of Civil Examinations in Late Imperial China'', University of California Press (2000), 130.

*[[Agriculture]] began in China in the Yellow River valley c. 5600-4000 BCE. The chief crops were millet, taro, and yams, with rice cultivation first emerging in southern China & Vietnam, and wheat being later introduced from the west. - Craig, Heritage of Chinese Civilization, 2.

*Agriculture began in China in the Yellow River valley c. 5600-4000 BCE. The chief crops were millet, taro, and yams, with rice cultivation first emerging in southern China & Vietnam, and wheat being later introduced from the west. - Craig, Heritage of Chinese Civilization, 2.

*[[Bronze]] appears in China c. 2000 BCE, which is 1000 years later than Mesopotamia, and 500 years later than in India. - Craig, Heritage of Chinese Civilization, 6.

*Bronze appears in China c. 2000 BCE, which is 1000 years later than Mesopotamia, and 500 years later than in India. - Craig, Heritage of Chinese Civilization, 6.

*The character 士, which comes during the Warring States era to refer to scholar-bureaucrats, did prior to that refer to warriors. (Craig, Chinese Civ, 12) Thus, the Japanese usage, as in [[bushi]] 武士、士族, sort of comes back around, referring specifically to the warrior class while also possessing the connotation of the refined, cultured, cultivated scholar-bureaucrat.

*The character 士, which comes during the Warring States era to refer to scholar-bureaucrats, did prior to that refer to warriors. (Craig, Chinese Civ, 12) Thus, the Japanese usage, as in 武士、士族, sort of comes back around, referring specifically to the warrior class while also possessing the connotation of the refined, cultured, cultivated scholar-bureaucrat.

*Hawaii enjoyed [[most favored nation status]], and thus [[extraterritoriality]] in Japanese ports. - Masaji Marumoto, "Vignette of Early Hawaii-Japan Relations: Highlights of King Kalakaua's Sojourn in Japan on His Trip around the World as Recorded in His Personal Diary", ''Hawaiian Journal of History'' 10 (1976), 62.  

*Hawaii enjoyed [[most favored nation status]], and thus extraterritoriality in Japanese ports. - Masaji Marumoto, "Vignette of Early Hawaii-Japan Relations: Highlights of King Kalakaua's Sojourn in Japan on His Trip around the World as Recorded in His Personal Diary", ''Hawaiian Journal of History'' 10 (1976), 62.  

*"[[Zen]]," from the Chinese "chan", comes from the Sanskrit ''dhyan'', for meditation. - Francis DK Ching, ''A Global History of Architecture'', 444.

*"Zen," from the Chinese "chan", comes from the Sanskrit ''dhyan'', for meditation. - Francis DK Ching, ''A Global History of Architecture'', 444.

*The popularity of imported ''[[karamono]]'' in the Muromachi period, and the need/desire to display them, contributed to the development of ''[[shoin]]'' architecture, including the ''chigaidana'' shelving, ''tokonoma'' alcove, etc. - H. Paul Varley, "Ashikaga Yoshimitsu and the World of Kitayama: Social Change and Shogunal Patronage in Early Muromachi Japan", in John Hall and Toyoda Takeshi eds., Japan in the Muromachi Age, 1977, University of California Press, (Berkeley), 192.

*Heian gardens are viewed from a stationary position from within the palace, versus Zen gardens meant for contemplation – not for beauty or for poetry - , versus Edo gardens which are walking gardens, for moving through.

*Heian gardens are viewed from a stationary position from within the palace, versus Zen gardens meant for contemplation – not for beauty or for poetry - , versus Edo gardens which are walking gardens, for moving through.

*[[Footbinding]] first spread from courtesans to all women in the [[Song Dynasty]]. - Valerie Hansen, Open Empire, 261.

*[[Footbinding]] first spread from courtesans to all women in the [[Song Dynasty]]. - Valerie Hansen, Open Empire, 261.

*On origins of samurai/bushi, Karl Friday writes that during the Heian period, they were essentially ''miyako no musha'', with much closer associations to their social peers within the Court & aristocracy than to a warrior or bushi identity, and that it was only after the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate and of the gokenin hierarchy that a distinctive bushi identity began to emerge. More details of his argument/explanation can be seen at: Karl Friday, Samurai Warfare and the State in Early Medieval Japan, Routledge (2004), 10.

*On origins of [[samurai]]/bushi, Karl Friday writes that during the Heian period, they were essentially ''miyako no musha'', with much closer associations to their social peers within the Court & aristocracy than to a warrior or bushi identity, and that it was only after the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate and of the gokenin hierarchy that a distinctive bushi identity began to emerge. More details of his argument/explanation can be seen at: Karl Friday, Samurai Warfare and the State in Early Medieval Japan, Routledge (2004), 10.

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Roger Keyes, Ehon, NYPL 2006, p70.

Roger Keyes, Ehon, NYPL 2006, p70.

*Kabuki actor Nakagawa Hanzaburô left Edo in the spring of 1705

*Kabuki actor [[Nakagawa Hanzaburô]] left Edo in the spring of 1705

*Danjuro II performs the role of Narukami for the first time in 1710.

*[[Ichikawa Danjuro II]] performs the role of Narukami for the first time in 1710.

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Mr and Mrs Gardner visited Kyoto in 1883, and may have stayed at Chion-in.

Jack and [[Isabella Stewart Gardner]] visited Kyoto in 1883, and may have stayed at [[Chion-in]].

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Lane p311 for pigments

Lane p311 for pigments

"As the early Yoshiwara was primarily a place of entertainment and socializing, sex was a discreet and secondary aspect of the business. Indeed, Edward Seidensticker has gone so far as to liken an evening at the Yoshiwara to an afternoon of tea." - Seigle. p152.

"As the early [[Yoshiwara]] was primarily a place of entertainment and socializing, sex was a discreet and secondary aspect of the business. Indeed, Edward Seidensticker has gone so far as to liken an evening at the Yoshiwara to an afternoon of tea." - Seigle. p152.

Courtesans in the harimise 張見世 of a teahouse would sit in three rows, and perform a concert from roughly dusk (the sixth hour) until midnight (the 9th hour). - Kobayashi Tadashi & Julie Nelson Davis. "Floating World of Light and Shadow." p96

Courtesans in the harimise 張見世 of a teahouse would sit in three rows, and perform a concert from roughly dusk (the sixth hour) until midnight (the 9th hour). - Kobayashi Tadashi & Julie Nelson Davis. "Floating World of Light and Shadow." p96

Tim Clark's article on Kabuki, for bios of Nakamura Nakazo I, Yanagisawa Nobutoki, and other good stuff.

Tim Clark's article on Kabuki, for bios of Nakamura Nakazo I, Yanagisawa Nobutoki, and other good stuff.

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