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*''Born:'' [[1415]]
*''Died:'' [[1476]]
*''Titles:'' 琉球国王 ''(Ryûkyû-kokuô, King of [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Ryûkyû]])([[1470]]-[[1476]])''
*''Japanese/Okinawan:'' [[尚]] 円 ''(Shou En)''
Shô En was a king of the [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Kingdom of Ryûkyû]], the founder of the Second Shô Dynasty. Prior to becoming king, he was known as Kanamaru (金丸).
==Early life and rise to power==
Kanamaru was born into a family of peasant farmers on [[Izena, Okinawa|Izena Island]]<ref name=jiten>"Shō En." ''Okinawa rekishi jinmei jiten'' (沖縄歴史人名事典, "Encyclopedia of People of Okinawan History"). Naha: Okinawa Bunka-sha, 1996. p39.</ref><ref name=shinpo>"Shō En." ''Okinawa konpakuto jiten'' (沖縄コンパクト事典, "Okinawa Compact Encyclopedia"). [http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/storyid-41722-storytopic-121.html Ryukyu Shimpo] (琉球新報). 1 March 2003. Accessed 30 October 2008.</ref>, a tiny island which lies off the northwestern coast of [[Okinawa Island]]. It is said that he lost his parents when he was around twenty and undertook to provide for his aunt and uncle, brother and sister, and his wife, whom he married at a very young age<ref name=Kerr>Kerr, George H. ''Okinawa: The History of an Island People''. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing, 2000. pp102-104.</ref>.
In one year in which the island had suffered from a particularly severe drought, the rice patties of Kanamaru's family were found to be full of water; accused of having stolen the water, Kanamaru was forced to flee his home, and ended up in Ginama, in the northern region (''[[Kunigami]]'') of Okinawa Island<ref name=jiten/><ref name=shinpo/>.
After several years living in Ginama, there too some type of dispute or disagreement between Kanamaru and his neighbors emerged<ref name=Kerr/>. Leaving Ginama, he traveled to [[Shuri]], the capital of the Ryûkyû Kingdom, in 1441, and became a servant or retainer to the prince, [[Sho Taikyu|Shô Taikyû]]. After Shô Taikyû became king in 1454, Kanamaru was made royal treasurer<ref name=Kerr/>, and was in 1459<ref name=shinpo/> granted the post of ''Omonogusuku osasu no soba'' (御物城御鎖側), a position involving responsibility for matters regarding foreign relations and trade. He was also granted territory, and made ''Uchima-udun'' (内間御殿, "Lord of Uchima")<ref name=jiten/><ref name=shinpo/>.
There emerged a difference of opinion between Kanamaru, and [[Sho Toku|Shô Toku]], who succeeded Shô Taikyû as king in 1461<ref name=jiten/><ref name=shinpo/>, possibly over the king's costly military efforts on the island of [[Kikaigashima]]<ref name=Kerr/>, leading Kanamaru to leave Shuri and retire to Uchima<ref name=jiten/><ref name=shinpo/>. Shô Toku died shortly afterwards, however, and it is said that in the ensuing discussions among the elder bureaucrats to choose a successor, Kanamaru was selected by popular demand, and thus came to the throne, taking the royal name Shô En<ref name=shinpo/>. Historian [[George H. Kerr]], however, points out that official histories produced in the following centuries were written with the patronage of Shô En's successors; also that the circumstances surrounding Shô Toku's death remain something of a mystery, and the traditional account may simply indicate that there was a shift in allegiances among the aristocrats and bureaucrats towards Kanamaru, or that those parties in support of Kanamaru simply outnumbered those on the side of the late king<ref name=Kerr/>.
==Reign==
Shô En thus established the Second Shô Dynasty, taking on the honorary surname granted the kings of Ryûkyû by [[Ming Dynasty]] (and later, [[Qing Dynasty]]) [[China]]. He also banned members of the former Shô lineage from high government office, and from marrying into the lineage of the new dynasty, and took steps to elevate the prestige of his own family. His father came to be honored as King of Izena, and a formal tomb was constructed for Shô En's parents on Izena Island. Shô En also named his sister high priestess, or "''[[noro]]''", of Izena; the lineage of high priestesses descended from her continued until the 20th century<ref name=Kerr/>.
His reign marked the beginning of an institutional shift in the royal government, away from rule by a charismatic or otherwise gifted individual leader, i.e. the king, and towards a more bureaucratic system, with the king at its center.
Shô En's childhood wife is believed to have died, or otherwise separated from Kanamaru, before he rose to prominence at Shuri. He had his first son with his second wife, [[Yosoidon]]. Shô En died in 1476, after ruling for only a few years, and was succeeded by his brother [[Sho Seni|Shô Sen'i]], to Yosoidon's chagrin. Presently, the high priestess, daughter of the late king and Yosoidon, received a divine message indicating that Shô Sen'i should abdicate in favor of his nephew, son of Shô En, who then took the throne as [[Sho Shin|Shô Shin]].
==References==
''This article was written by [[User:LordAmeth]] and contributed to both S-A and Wikipedia; the author gives permission for his work to be used in this way.''
<references/>
<center>
{| border="3" align="center"
|- align="center"
|width="32%"|Preceded by:<br>'''[[Sho Toku|Shô Toku]]'''
|width="35%"|'''[[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Reign as King of Ryûkyû]]'''<br> 1470-1476
|width="32%"|Succeeded by:<br>'''[[Sho Seni|Shô Sen'i]]'''
|}
</center>
[[Category:Muromachi Period]]
[[Category:Ryukyu]]
[[Category:Royalty]]
*''Died:'' [[1476]]
*''Titles:'' 琉球国王 ''(Ryûkyû-kokuô, King of [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Ryûkyû]])([[1470]]-[[1476]])''
*''Japanese/Okinawan:'' [[尚]] 円 ''(Shou En)''
Shô En was a king of the [[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Kingdom of Ryûkyû]], the founder of the Second Shô Dynasty. Prior to becoming king, he was known as Kanamaru (金丸).
==Early life and rise to power==
Kanamaru was born into a family of peasant farmers on [[Izena, Okinawa|Izena Island]]<ref name=jiten>"Shō En." ''Okinawa rekishi jinmei jiten'' (沖縄歴史人名事典, "Encyclopedia of People of Okinawan History"). Naha: Okinawa Bunka-sha, 1996. p39.</ref><ref name=shinpo>"Shō En." ''Okinawa konpakuto jiten'' (沖縄コンパクト事典, "Okinawa Compact Encyclopedia"). [http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/storyid-41722-storytopic-121.html Ryukyu Shimpo] (琉球新報). 1 March 2003. Accessed 30 October 2008.</ref>, a tiny island which lies off the northwestern coast of [[Okinawa Island]]. It is said that he lost his parents when he was around twenty and undertook to provide for his aunt and uncle, brother and sister, and his wife, whom he married at a very young age<ref name=Kerr>Kerr, George H. ''Okinawa: The History of an Island People''. Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing, 2000. pp102-104.</ref>.
In one year in which the island had suffered from a particularly severe drought, the rice patties of Kanamaru's family were found to be full of water; accused of having stolen the water, Kanamaru was forced to flee his home, and ended up in Ginama, in the northern region (''[[Kunigami]]'') of Okinawa Island<ref name=jiten/><ref name=shinpo/>.
After several years living in Ginama, there too some type of dispute or disagreement between Kanamaru and his neighbors emerged<ref name=Kerr/>. Leaving Ginama, he traveled to [[Shuri]], the capital of the Ryûkyû Kingdom, in 1441, and became a servant or retainer to the prince, [[Sho Taikyu|Shô Taikyû]]. After Shô Taikyû became king in 1454, Kanamaru was made royal treasurer<ref name=Kerr/>, and was in 1459<ref name=shinpo/> granted the post of ''Omonogusuku osasu no soba'' (御物城御鎖側), a position involving responsibility for matters regarding foreign relations and trade. He was also granted territory, and made ''Uchima-udun'' (内間御殿, "Lord of Uchima")<ref name=jiten/><ref name=shinpo/>.
There emerged a difference of opinion between Kanamaru, and [[Sho Toku|Shô Toku]], who succeeded Shô Taikyû as king in 1461<ref name=jiten/><ref name=shinpo/>, possibly over the king's costly military efforts on the island of [[Kikaigashima]]<ref name=Kerr/>, leading Kanamaru to leave Shuri and retire to Uchima<ref name=jiten/><ref name=shinpo/>. Shô Toku died shortly afterwards, however, and it is said that in the ensuing discussions among the elder bureaucrats to choose a successor, Kanamaru was selected by popular demand, and thus came to the throne, taking the royal name Shô En<ref name=shinpo/>. Historian [[George H. Kerr]], however, points out that official histories produced in the following centuries were written with the patronage of Shô En's successors; also that the circumstances surrounding Shô Toku's death remain something of a mystery, and the traditional account may simply indicate that there was a shift in allegiances among the aristocrats and bureaucrats towards Kanamaru, or that those parties in support of Kanamaru simply outnumbered those on the side of the late king<ref name=Kerr/>.
==Reign==
Shô En thus established the Second Shô Dynasty, taking on the honorary surname granted the kings of Ryûkyû by [[Ming Dynasty]] (and later, [[Qing Dynasty]]) [[China]]. He also banned members of the former Shô lineage from high government office, and from marrying into the lineage of the new dynasty, and took steps to elevate the prestige of his own family. His father came to be honored as King of Izena, and a formal tomb was constructed for Shô En's parents on Izena Island. Shô En also named his sister high priestess, or "''[[noro]]''", of Izena; the lineage of high priestesses descended from her continued until the 20th century<ref name=Kerr/>.
His reign marked the beginning of an institutional shift in the royal government, away from rule by a charismatic or otherwise gifted individual leader, i.e. the king, and towards a more bureaucratic system, with the king at its center.
Shô En's childhood wife is believed to have died, or otherwise separated from Kanamaru, before he rose to prominence at Shuri. He had his first son with his second wife, [[Yosoidon]]. Shô En died in 1476, after ruling for only a few years, and was succeeded by his brother [[Sho Seni|Shô Sen'i]], to Yosoidon's chagrin. Presently, the high priestess, daughter of the late king and Yosoidon, received a divine message indicating that Shô Sen'i should abdicate in favor of his nephew, son of Shô En, who then took the throne as [[Sho Shin|Shô Shin]].
==References==
''This article was written by [[User:LordAmeth]] and contributed to both S-A and Wikipedia; the author gives permission for his work to be used in this way.''
<references/>
<center>
{| border="3" align="center"
|- align="center"
|width="32%"|Preceded by:<br>'''[[Sho Toku|Shô Toku]]'''
|width="35%"|'''[[Kingdom of Ryukyu|Reign as King of Ryûkyû]]'''<br> 1470-1476
|width="32%"|Succeeded by:<br>'''[[Sho Seni|Shô Sen'i]]'''
|}
</center>
[[Category:Muromachi Period]]
[[Category:Ryukyu]]
[[Category:Royalty]]
